Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-9nwgx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-21T17:58:53.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inclusion, Dispersion, and Constraint: Powersharing in the World’s States, 1975–2010

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2015

Kaare W. Strøm ,
Scott Gates ,
Benjamin A.T. Graham  and
Håvard Strand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Arrangements for sharing political power serve three purposes: to give all relevant groups access to important political decisions; to partition the policy process, thereby granting groups relevant autonomy; and to constrain holders of political power from abusing authority. A new global dataset of political power sharing institutions, 1975–2010, is introduced here, disaggregated these along three institutional dimensions: inclusive, dispersive, and constraining. Existing literature associates power sharing with democracy and civil conflict resolution. Unlike the existing literature, this dataset shows inclusive institutions are common in post-conflict states, though least strongly associated with electoral democracy. Conversely, constraining institutions, though comparatively rare in states with current or recent civil conflicts, are highly correlated with electoral democracy.

Type
Articles
Information
British Journal of Political Science , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 165 - 185
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

UC San Diego and University of Oslo (email: [email protected]); Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) and University of Oslo (email: [email protected]); University of Southern California (email: [email protected]); PRIO and University of Oslo (email: [email protected]). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (Grant No. SES-081950766b; PI: Strøm) and the Norwegian Research Council (196850/F10; PI: Gates). Data replication sets are available at http://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/BJPolS.

References

REFERENCES

Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, Limongi, Fernando, and Pzeworski, Adam. 1996. Classifying Political Regimes. Studies in Comparative Political Development 31:1–37.Google Scholar
Andeweg, Rudy B. 2000. Consociational Democracy. Annual Review of Political Science 3:509–536.Google Scholar
Barry, Brian. 1975. The Consociational Model and Its Dangers. European Journal of Political Research 3 (4):393–412.Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Clarke, George, Groff, Alberto, Keefer, Philip, and Walsh, Patrick. 2001. New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions. World Bank Economic Review 15 (1):165–176.Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Levine, Ross, and Loayza, Norman. 2000. Finance and the Sources of Growth. Journal of Financial Economics 58:261–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binningsbø, Helga Malmin. 2013. Power Sharing, Peace and Democracy: Any Obvious Relationships? International Area Studies Review 16 (1):89–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boix, Carles, Miller, Michael K., and Rosato, Sebastian. 2012. A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007. Comparative Political Studies 46 (12):1523–1554.Google Scholar
Bormann, Nils-Christian, Cederman, Lars-Erik, Benjamin A.T., Scott Gates, Simon Hug, Graham, Kaare Strøm, , and Wucherpfennig, Julian. 2015. Does Formal or Informal Power Sharing Produce Peace? Available from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2451807. Accessed 14 May 2015.Google Scholar
Brancati, Dawn. 2006. Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism? International Organization 60 (3):651–685.Google Scholar
Buzard, Kristy, Graham, Benjamin A.T., and Horne, Benjamin. 2015. Unrecognized States: A Theory of Self Determination and Foreign Influence. Available from SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2491944. Accessed 14 May 2015.Google Scholar
Cederman, Lars Erik, Wimmer, Andreas, and Min, Brian. 2010. Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis. World Politics 62 (1):87–119.Google Scholar
Crabtree, Charles, and Golder, Matt. Forthcoming‘Party system volatility in post-Communist Europe.’ British Journal of Political Science.Google Scholar
Gates, Scott, Hegre, Håvard, Jones, Mark P., and Strand, Håvard. 2006. Institutional Inconsistency and Political Instability: Polity Duration, 1800–2000. American Journal of Political Science 50 (4):893–908.Google Scholar
Gates, Scott, Graham, Benjamin A.T., Yonaton Lupu, , Håvard Strand, , and Kaare Strøm, . 2015. Powersharing, Protection, and Peace. Available from SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2531124. Accessed 14 May 2015. 2015.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, , Mikael Eriksson, , Margareta Sollenberg, and Håvard Strand, . 2002. Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39 (5):615–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Benjamin A.T., and Strøm, Kaare W.. 2015. Variations in Federalism: Explaining Subnational Policy Authority. Available from SSRN 2533599.Google Scholar
Graham, Benjamin A.T., Miller, Michael K., and Strøm, Kaare W.. 2015. Powersharing and Democratic Development. Available from SSRN 2531118.Google Scholar
Hartzell, Caroline, and Hoddie, Matthew. 2003. Institutionalizing Peace: Power Sharing and Post-Civil War Conflict Management. American Journal of Political Science 47:318–332.Google Scholar
Hartzell, Caroline, and Hoddie, Matthew. 2007. Crafting Peace: Power-Sharing Institutions and the Negotiated Settlement of Civil Wars. University Park: Penn State Press.Google Scholar
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
International Parliamentary Union. Available from http://www.ipu.org/parline/parlinesearch.asp. Accessed 14 May 2015.Google Scholar
Jarstad, Anna K., and Sisk, Timothy D.. 2008. From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
La Porta, Rafael, de Silanes, Florencio López, Pop-Eleches, Cristian, and Shleifer, Andrei. 2004. Judicial Checks and Balances. Journal of Political Economy 112 (2):445–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Library of Congress Country Studies. Available from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/. Accessed May 2015.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1968. The Politics of Accommodation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1975. Review Article: The Northern Ireland Problem; Cases, Theories, and Solutions. British Journal of Political Science 5 (1):83–106.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1997. Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review 91 (1):1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 2012. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Melton, James, Elkins, Zachary, Ginsburg, Tom, and Leetaru, Kalev. 2013. On the Interpretability of Law: Lessons from the Decoding of National Constitutions. British Journal of Political Science 43 (2):399–423.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, Bumba. 2006. Why Political Power-Sharing Agreements Lead to Enduring Peaceful Resolution of Some Civil Wars, but Not Others? International Studies Quarterly 50 (2):479–504.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2008. Driving Democracy: Do Power-Sharing Institutions Work? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peace Research Institute Oslo. Available from http://www.prio.no/CSCW/Datasets/Governance Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1991. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roeder, Philip G., and Rothchild, Donald S.. 2005. Sustainable Peace: Power and Democracy after Civil Wars. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Sisk, Timothy D. 1996. Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts. Washington, D.C.: US Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Stedman, Stephen J. 1997. Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes. International Security 22 (2):5–53.Google Scholar
Steiner, Jörg. 1974. Amicable Agreement versus Majority Rule: Conflict Resolution in Switzerland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Tiebout, C. M. 1956. A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures. Journal of Political Economy 64 (5):416–424.Google Scholar
Walter, Barbara F. 2002. Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar