Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:08:01.881Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Vitamin E and stress

8.* Nutritional effects of dietary stress with silver in vitamin E-deficient chicks and rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. Bunyan
Affiliation:
Walton Oaks Experimental Station, Vitamins Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey
A. T. Diplock
Affiliation:
Walton Oaks Experimental Station, Vitamins Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey
M. A. Cawthorne
Affiliation:
Walton Oaks Experimental Station, Vitamins Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey
J. Green
Affiliation:
Walton Oaks Experimental Station, Vitamins Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. When chicks were given a fat-free casein–gelatin diet and, after 2 weeks of age, 0·15% silver acetate in the drinking water, they were found to have colourless exudates mainly in the pectoral region and partly in the peritoneal and pericardial spaces. Vitamin E and selenium, separately and together, failed to prevent this condition. Vitamin E was required together with methionine to prevent the condition. Methionine itself induced green staining of a few of the exudates.

2. When lard was added to the casein–gelatin diet and the chicks were also given Ag, some green exudates were found in addition to the colourless ones. Addition of vitamin E or Se or both prevented the green exudates, but raised the incidence of colourless exudates. Methionine enhanced the green exudate condition, but again when combined with vitamin E prevented both types of exudate.

3. A similar condition characterized by colourless exudates was induced by giving chicks diets based upon gelatin, yeast BPC, α-protein (with extra salts) or α-protein with gelatin. A torula yeast diet induced green exudates and haemorrhages.

4. All the basal diets, which were deficient in sulphur amino acids, produced dystrophy of the breast muscle. Four of these diets contained no fat. Some diets also induced dystrophy of the gizzard. Vitamin E and Se protected against both these lesions. Methionine was protective in all except the torula yeast diet.

5. Ethionine induced muscular dystrophy in chicks given a vitamin E-deficient diet adequate in sulphur amino acids. Additional methionine or vitamin E was protective, but cystine was not. Ethionine also produced a small incidence of green exudates and slight haemorrhages. This condition was prevented by vitamin E but not by methionine. The liver damage due to ethionine was not prevented by vitamin E, methionine or cystine.

6. Liver necrosis was induced in rats by giving them an 8·3% casein diet and Ag, 130–1000 ppm, in the drinking water or the diet. Necrosis was produced even in the absence of dietary fat. Vitamin E and DPPD (N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) prevented necrosis, but adenine sulphate (0·25%), methionine (0·15%) and IONOX 330 (2,4,6-tri-(3′,5′-di-tert.-butyl-4′-hydroxybenzyl) mesitylene) did not. Se, 0·05 ppm, protected against 130 ppm Ag, but 1000 ppm Ag overcame the protective effect of 1 ppm Se. Similarly, 3 ppm cyanocobalamin was partly protective against 130 ppm Ag, but not against the higher concentration. Gold chloride (1000 ppm Au) had a mildly necrotic effect against which vitamin E did not protect. Neither copper sulphate (500 ppm Cu) not arsanilic acid (70 ppm As) induced liver necrosis.

7. A high intake of Se (20 ppm as sodium selenate) was necrogenic in rats given a 10% casein diet; vitamin E and methionine did not protect. Vitamin E and cystine raised the low incidence of an exudative condition found in rats given 20 ppm Se. Methionine opposed this action of vitamin E.

8. It was concluded that exudative diathesis in chicks could be resolved into a simple exudative condition and a superimposed haemorrhagic condition. Ag is a pro-exudative factor. Vitamin E and Se are also pro-exudative for chicks given the casein–gelatin–lard–Ag treatment. Torula yeast, methionine, lard, Ag (with lard) and ethionine are all pro-haemorrhagic factors. Se and Ag have an antagonistic relationship in rats and chicks; in chicks, however, Se synergizes with Ag when the supply of methionine is limited.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1968

References

Bender, A. E. (1960). Clinica chim. Acta 5, 1.Google Scholar
Bieri, J. G., Briggs, G. M. & Pollard, C. J. (1958). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 99, 262.Google Scholar
Bieri, J. G., Pollard, C. J. & Briggs, G. M. (1957). Fedn Proc. Fedn Am. Socs exp. Biol. 16, 381.Google Scholar
Bird, H. R. (1943). Science, N. Y. 97, 98.Google Scholar
Bird, H. R. & Culton, T. G. (1940). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 44, 543.Google Scholar
Block, R. J. & Weiss, A. B. (1956). Amino Acid Handbook. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Bunyan, J., Diplock, A. T., Edwin, E. E. & Green, J. (1962). Br. J. Nutr. 16, 519.Google Scholar
Bunyan, J., McHale, D. & Green, J. (1963). Br. J. Nutr. 17, 391.Google Scholar
Bunyan, J., Murrell, E. A., Green, J. & Diplock, A. T. (1967). Br. J. Nutr. 21, 475.Google Scholar
Century, B. & Horwitt, M. K. (1964). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 117, 320.Google Scholar
Cheville, N. F. (1966). Path. Vet. 3, 208.Google Scholar
Creasey, W. A., Hankin, L. & Handschumacher, R. E. (1961). J. biol. Chem. 236, 2064.Google Scholar
Dam, H. (1944). J. Nutr. 27, 193.Google Scholar
Dam, H. & Glavind, J. (1938). Nature, Lond. 142, 1077.Google Scholar
Dam, H. & Glavind, J. (1939). Nature, Lond. 143, 810.Google Scholar
Dam, H., Kruse, I., Prange, I. & Søndergaard, E. (1948). Biochim. biophys, Acta 2, 501.Google Scholar
Dam, H., Nielsen, G. K., Prange, I. & Søndergaard, E. (1958 a). Nature, Lond. 182, 802.Google Scholar
Dam, H., Nielsen, G. K., Prange, I. & Søndergaard, E. (1958 b). Experientia 14, 291.Google Scholar
Diplock, A. T., Green, J., Bunyan, J., McHale, D. & Muthy, I. R. (1967). Br. J. Nutr. 21, 115.Google Scholar
Gitler, C. (1958). Studies on vitamin E deficiency with torula yeast diets in the rat and the chick. PhD thesis., University of Wisconsin, Madison USAGoogle Scholar
Green, J., Diplock, A. T., Bunyan, J., McHale, D. & Muthy, I. R. (1967). Br. J. Nutr. 21, 69.Google Scholar
Hartley, W. J. & Grant, A. B. (1961). Fedn Proc. Fedn Am. Socs exp. Biol. 20, 679.Google Scholar
Hove, E. L. & Hardin, J. O. (1950). Fedn Proc. Fedn Am. Socs exp. Biol. 9, 362.Google Scholar
Hutcheson, L. M., Hill, D. C. & Jenkins, K. J. (1963). Poult. Sci. 42, 846.Google Scholar
Miller, R. F., Small, G. & Norris, L. C. (1955). J. Nutr. 55, 81.Google Scholar
Morss, S. G. & Olcott, H. S. (1967). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 124, 483.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1960). Publs natn. Res. Coun., Wash. no. 827.Google Scholar
Reiser, R. (1950). J. Nutr. 42, 319.Google Scholar
Scott, M. L. & Calvert, C. C. (1962). J. Nutr. 77, 105.Google Scholar
Scott, M. L., Hill, F. W., Norris, L. C., Dobson, D. C. & Nelson, T. S. (1955). J. Nutr. 56, 387.Google Scholar
Sellers, E. A., You, R. W. & Lucas, C. C. (1950). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 75, 118.Google Scholar