Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:37:24.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: a comparison

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Peter S. W. Davies ,
W. A. Coward ,
J. Gregory ,
A. White  and
A. Mills
Peter S. W. Davies
Affiliation:
Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downham's Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ
W. A. Coward
Affiliation:
Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downham's Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ
J. Gregory
Affiliation:
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, LondonWC2B 6JP
A. White
Affiliation:
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, LondonWC2B 6JP
A. Mills
Affiliation:
Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, LondonSW1P 3JR
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In a cohort (n 81) of healthy children aged 1.5–4.5 years, measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were compared. Energy intake was calculated following a 4 d weighed record completed by the mother or guardian of the child. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water technique. Mean energy intake and expenditure in the cohort were 4773 kJ/d and 4928 kJ/d respectively. The mean relative bias between the techniques was 154 kJ/d. In the older children (3.5–4.5 years) the mean relative bias was only 37 kJ/d. At the population level the measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure were extremely close, and the study has provided sufficient confidence in weighed intake methodology for it to be used in a major nationwide study of dietary intake and nutritional status of children aged 1.5–4.5 years.

Keywords

Energy intakeEnergy expenditureChildhood
Type
Energy expenditure and its measurement
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , July 1994 , pp. 13 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Bandini, L. G., Schoeller, D. A., Cyr, H. N. & Dietz, W. H. (1990). Validity of reported energy intake in obese and non-obese adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 421–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, S. A. (1987). The dietary assessment of individuals, methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 51, 705–741.Google Scholar
Black, A. E., Cole, T. J., Wiles, S. J. & White, F. (1983). Daily variations in food intake of infants from 2–18 months. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 37A, 448–458.Google Scholar
Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two measures of clinical measurement. Lancet i, 307–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, T. J. & Coward, W. A. (1992). Precision and accuracy of doubly labelled water, energy expenditure by the multi-point and two-point methods. American Journal of Physiology 263, E965–E972.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1988). Energy and Protein Requirements. World Health Organization Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Goldberg, G. R., Prentice, A. M., Coward, W. A., Davies, H. C., Murgatroyd, P. R., Sawyer, M. B., Ashford, J. & Black, A. E. (1991). Longitudinal assessment of the components of energy balance in well-nourished lactating women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 788–798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, B., Unwin, I. D. & Buss, D. H. (1988). Cereals and Cereal Products. Third Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Holland, B., Unwin, I. D. & Buss, D. H. (1989). Milk Products and Eggs. Fourth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Livingstone, M. B. E., Prentice, A. M., Coward, W. A., Strain, J. J., Black, A. E., Davies, P. S. W., Steward, C. M., McKenna, P. G. & Whitehead, R. G. (1992). Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingstone, M. B. E., Prentice, A. M., Strain, J. J., Coward, W. A., Black, A. E., Barker, M. E., McKenna, P. G. & Whitehead, R. G. (1990). Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health. British Medical Journal 300, 708–712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, M., Black, A. E., Morris, J. A. & Cole, T. J. (1989). Between- and within-subject variation in nutrient intake from infancy to old age: estimating the number of days required to rank dietary intakes with desired precision. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 155–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, A. A. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1978). McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Southgate, D. A. T. (1986). Obese deceivers. British Medical Journal, 292, 1692–1693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, S. P., Wenlock, R. W. & Buss, D. H. (1985). Immigrant Foods. Second Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Weir, J. B. de V. (1949). New method for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed