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Skinny fat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-salt/sucrose diet in young male rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Keilah Valéria Naves Cavalcante Open the ORCID record for Keilah Valéria Naves Cavalcante [Opens in a new window] ,
Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior Open the ORCID record for Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior [Opens in a new window] ,
Marina Conceição dos Santos Moreira ,
Stefanne Madalena Marques ,
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye ,
Rosiane Aparecida Miranda ,
Patrícia Cristina Lisboa ,
Egberto Gaspar de Moura ,
Carlos Henrique Xavier Open the ORCID record for Carlos Henrique Xavier [Opens in a new window]  and
Eduardo Colombari
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Keilah Valéria Naves Cavalcante
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Marina Conceição dos Santos Moreira
Affiliation:
Department of Academic Areas, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Goiás, Campus Formosa, GO, Brazil
Stefanne Madalena Marques
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology Research Center, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Egberto Gaspar de Moura
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Carlos Henrique Xavier
Affiliation:
Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Eduardo Colombari
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo Mello Gomes
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino*
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology Research Center, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Childhood and puberty can affect metabolism, leading to tissue injury and malfunction later in life. The consumption of high-processed foods rich in salt and sugar is increasing in middle- and high-income countries, especially among young people. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of high salt and sugar levels in the youth on most injured organs during metabolic challenges. We aimed to investigate whether high-salt/sucrose intake affects whole-body development and leads to end-organ injury. Weaned male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group fed a standard diet and tap water, and an experimental group (SS) fed a standard diet and a beverage containing 1·8 % NaCl and 20 % sucrose instead of tap water. The animals were treated for 60 d, starting after weaning at 21 d of age, after which the animals were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests, urine collection and heart rate monitoring and euthanised for sample collection at 81 d of age. SS showed reduced body weight gain and increased food intake of sodium/sucrose solution. Interestingly, high-salt/sucrose intake led to increased body adiposity, liver lipid inclusion, heart rate and renal dysfunction. SS exhibits increased levels of PPAR alpha to counterbalance the hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue. Our findings reveal that the SS rat model exhibits non-obvious obesity with end-organ damage and preserved brown adipose tissue function. This model closely parallels human conditions with normal BMI but elevated visceral adiposity, providing a relevant tool for studying atypical metabolic disorders.

Keywords

Renal failureLiver lipid accumulationCardiometabolic diseaseEarly life nutritionTachyarrhythmia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 133 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2025 , pp. 171 - 181
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

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