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Role of thyroid hormones in early postnatal development of skeletal muscle and its implications for undernutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A. P. Harrison ,
D. R. Tivey ,
T. Clausen ,
C. Duchamp  and
M. J. Dauncey
A. P. Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular Physiology, The Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB2 4AT
D. R. Tivey
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular Physiology, The Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB2 4AT
T. Clausen
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, DK-8OOO Ärhus C, Denmark
C. Duchamp
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular Physiology, The Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB2 4AT
M. J. Dauncey
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular Physiology, The Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB2 4AT
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Abstract

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Energy intake profoundly influences many endocrine axes which in turn play a central role in development. The specific influence of a short period of mild hypothyroidism, similar to that induced by undernutrition, in regulating muscle development has been assessed in a large mammal during early postnatal life. Hypothyroidism was induced by providing methimazole and iopanoic acid in the feed of piglets between 4 and 14 d of age, and controls were pair-fed to the energy intake of their hypothyroid littermates. Thyroid status was evaluated, and myofibre differentiation and cation pump concentrations were then assessed in the following functionally distinct muscles: longissimus dorsi (l. dorsi), soleus and rhomboideus. Reductions in plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4; 32%, P < O·Ol), triiodothyronine (T3;48%, P < 0·001), free T3, (58%, P < 0·001)and hepatic 5'-monodeiodinase (EC 1.11.1.8) activity (74%, P < 0·001) occurred with treatment. Small, although significant, increases in the proportion of type I slow-twitch oxidative fibres occurred with mild hypothyroidism, in l. dorsi (2%, P < 0·01) and soleus(7%, P < 0·01). Nuclear T3-receptor concentration in l. dorsi of hypothyroid animals compared with controls increased by 46% (P < 0·001), a response that may represent a homeostatic mechanism making muscle more sensitive to low levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Nevertheless, Na+, K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37) concentration was reduced by 15–16% in all muscles (l.dorsi P< 0·05,soleusP < 0·001, rhomboideusP < 0·05), and Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.38) concentration was significantly reduced in the two slow-twitch muscles: by 22% in rhomboideus (P < 0·001) and 23% in soleus (P < 0·05). It is concluded that during early postnatal development of large mammals a period of mild hypothyroidism, comparable with that found during undernutrition, induces changes in myofibre differentiation and a down-regulation of cation pumps in skeletal muscle. Such changes would result in slowness of movement and muscle weakness, and also reduce ATP hydrolysis with a concomitant improvement in energetic efficiency.

Keywords

Ca2+-ATPaseMuscleNa+, K+-ATPaseThyroidUndernutrition
Type
General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 76 , Issue 6 , December 1996 , pp. 841 - 855
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

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