Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:55:58.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationship between body composition and blood pressure in Bahraini adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Aneesa M. Al-Sendi ,
Prakash Shetty ,
Abdulrahman O. Musaiger  and
Mark Myatt
Aneesa M. Al-Sendi
Affiliation:
College of Health Science, Ministry of Health, Bahrain
Prakash Shetty
Affiliation:
Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Abdulrahman O. Musaiger*
Affiliation:
Environmental & Biological Programme, Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research, Manama, Bahrain
Mark Myatt
Affiliation:
The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr A. O. Musaiger, fax +973 754822, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between body composition and blood pressure (BP) in Bahraini adolescents. A sample of 504 Bahraini schoolchildren aged 12–17 years (249 boys and 255 girls) was selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure. BP measurements were performed on the students. Anthropometric data including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were also collected. BMI, percentage body fat, waist:hip (WHR), and subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio were calculated. Mean systolic BP and mean diastolic BP were higher in males than in females. Weight and height in boys and weight only in girls were significantly associated with systolic BP independent of age or percentage fat. Nearly 14% of the adolescents were classified as having high BP. BMI and percentage body fat were significantly and positively associated with the risk of having high BP in the boys and girls. Adolescents with high WHR or WC, as indicators for central obesity, tended to have higher BP values. The results from the present study indicate that obesity influences the BP of Bahraini adolescents and that simple anthropometric measurements such as WHR and WC are useful in identifying children at risk of developing high BP. These findings together with the known tracking of BP from adolescence into adulthood underline the importance of establishing intervention programmes in order to prevent the development of childhood and adolescent obesity.

Keywords

ObesityBlood pressureAdolescentsBahrain
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 4 , October 2003 , pp. 837 - 844
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Al-Mousa, Z & Parkash, P (2000) Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti children and adolescents. Bahrain Med Bull 22, 123–127.Google Scholar
Berkey, CS, Gardner, J & Colditz, GA (1998) Blood pressure in adolescence and early adulthood related to obesity and birth size. Obes Res 6, 187–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caprio, S & Tamborlane, WV (1999) Metabolic impact of obesity in childhood (Review). Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 28, 731–747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caprio, S, Hyman, LD, Mccarthy, S, Lange, R, Bronson, M & Tamborlane, WV (1996) Fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescent girls: importance of the intra-abdominal fat depot. Am J Clin Nutr 64, 12–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, SR, Morrison, JA, Sprecher, DL, Khoury, P & Kimball, TR (1999) Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Circulation 99, 541–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, KJ (1996) Measuring body fatness in children and young adults: comparison of bioelectric impedance analysis, total body electrical conductivity, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Int J Obes Rel Metab Disord 20, 866–873.Google Scholar
Fidanza, F (1991) Anthropometric methodology. In Nutrition Assessment: a Manual for Population Studies, pp. 1–43 [Fidanza, F, editor]. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, DS, Dietz, WH, Srinivasan, SR & Berenson, GS (1999 a) The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 103, 1175–1182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freedman, DS, Serdula, MK, Srinivasan, SR & Berenson, GS (1999 b) Relation of circumferences and skinfold thicknesses to lipid and insulin concentrations in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 308–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, R (1990) Principles of Nutrition Assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gillum, RF (1999) Distribution of waist-to-hip ratio, other indices of body fat distribution and obesity and associations with HDL cholesterol in children and young adults aged 4–19 years: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Obes Rel Metab Disord 23, 556–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillum, RF, Mussolino, ME & Madans, JH (1998) Body fat distribution and hypertension incidence in women and men. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Int J Obes Rel Metab Disord 22, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goran, MI & Gower, BA (1999) Relation between visceral fat and disease risk in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 70, 149S–156S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gortmaker, SL, Dietz, WH, Sobol, AM & Wehler, CA (1987) Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States. Am J Dis Child 141, 535–540.Google ScholarPubMed
Horswill, CA & Zipf, WB (1991) Elevated blood pressure in obese children: influence of gender, age, weight and serum insulin levels. Int J Obes 15, 453–459.Google ScholarPubMed
Lauer, RM & Clarke, WR (1989) Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: the Muscatine Study. Pediatrics 84, 633–641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leccia, G, Marotta, T, Masella, MR, et al. (1999) Sex-related influence of body size and sexual maturation on blood pressure in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 53, 333–337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lurbe, E, Alvarez, V & Redon, J (2001) Obesity, body fat distribution, and ambulatory blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 3, 362–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moussa, MA, Shaltout, AA, Nkansa-Dwamena, D, et al. (1999) Factors associated with obesity in Kuwaiti children. Eur J Clin Nutr 15, 41–49.Google ScholarPubMed
Moussa, MA, Skaik, MB, Selwanes, SB, Yaghy, OY & Bin-Othman, SA (1994) Contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level in school children. Eur J Clin Nutr 48, 587–590.Google ScholarPubMed
Musaiger, AO (2002) Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease in the Arab Middle East countries. Med Princ Pract 11, Suppl. 2, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musaiger, AO, Al-Ansari, M & Al-Mannai, M (2000) Anthropometry of adolescent girls in Bahrain, including body fat distribution. Ann Hum Biol 72, 507–515.Google Scholar
Must, A, Dallal, GE & Dietz, WH (1991 a) Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr 53, 839–846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Must, A, Dallal, GE & Dietz, WH (1991 b) Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (erratum). Am J Clin Nutr 54, 773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Must, A, Jacques, PF, Dallal, GE, Bajema, CJ & Dietz, WH (1992) Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. New Engl J Med 327, 1350–1355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okasha, M, Mccarron, P, McEwen, J & Davey, SG (2000) Determinants of adolescent blood pressure: findings from the Glasgow University student cohort. J Hum Hypertens 14, 117–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pouliot, MC, Despres, JP, Lemieux, S, et al. (1994) Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropo-metric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 73, 460–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shear, CL, Freedman, DS, Burke, GL, Harsha, DW & Berenson, GS (1987) Body fat patterning and blood pressure in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension 9, 236–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, MH, Lohman, TG, Boileau, RA, et al. (1988) Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol 60, 709–723.Google ScholarPubMed
Srinivasan, SR, Bao, W, Wattigney, WA & Berenson, GS (1996) Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 45, 235–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stallones, L, Mueller, WH & Christensen, BL (1982) Blood pressure, fatness, and fat patterning among USA adolescents from two ethnic groups. Hypertension 4, 483–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Task Force on, Blood Pressure, Control in Children (1987) Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children – 1987. Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Pediatrics 79, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, RW, Jones, IE, Williams, SM & Goulding, A (2000) Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3–19 y. Am J Clin Nutr 72, 490–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, DP, Going, SB, Lohman, TG, et al. (1992 a) Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents. Am J Public Health 82, 358–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, DP, Going, SB, Lohman, TG, et al. (1992 b) Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents (erratum). Am J Public Health 82, 527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, SL, Gaffney, FA, Laird, WP & Fixler, DE (1985) Body size, composition, and fitness in adolescents with elevated blood pressures. Hypertension 7, 417–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1994) WHO Expert Committee on Hypertension Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. www.who.int/acd/cvd/trs862.html#tablegGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar