Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:47:10.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reciprocal responses to dietary diacylglycerol of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Masakazu Murata ,
Takashi Ide  and
Kenji Hara
Masakazu Murata
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Division of Physiology and Nutrition, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Takashi Ide
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Division of Physiology and Nutrition, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Kenji Hara
Affiliation:
Kao Co. Ltd., 2606 Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The activities of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were compared in rats fed on diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. In the first trial, rats were fed on diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol (rapeseed oil) for 14 d. The diacylglycerol preparation contained 65·2 g and 32·6 g fatty acids/100 g total fatty acids as 1,3-species and 1,2-species respectively. Fatty acid compositions of these dietary lipids were similar. Dietary acylglycerols were added to experimental diets to provide the same amounts of fatty acids (93·9 g/kg diet). Dietary diacylglycerol compared with triacylglycerol significantly reduced the concentrations of serum and liver triacylglycerol. The activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthetase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40)) were significantly lower in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In contrast, the rates of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA in liver homogenates were higher in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In the second trial, varying amounts of dietary triacylglycerol were replaced by diacylglycerol while the dietary fatty acid content was maintained (93·9 g/kg diet). After 21 d of the feeding period the significant reductions in serum and liver triacylglycerol levels were confirmed in groups of rats fed on the diets in which diacylglycerol supplied more than 65·8 g fatty acids/kg diet (65·8 and 93·9 g/kg). Reductions in the activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and increases in palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rates by both mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathways were also apparent when diacylglycerol replaced triacylglycerol in diets to supply more than 65·8 g fatty acid/kg. Increasing dietary levels of diacylglycerol also progressively increased the activities of enzymes involved in the β-oxidation pathway (carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3), acyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6), enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35), 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) and Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8)) in the liver. These results suggest that alteration of fatty acid metabolism in the liver is a factor responsible for the serum triacylglycerol-lowering effect of dietary diacylglycerol.

Keywords

DiacylglycerolFatty acid synthesisFatty acid oxidationSerum triacylglycerol
Type
General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 107 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

American Institute of Nutrition (1977). Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. Journal of Nutrition 107, 1340–1348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, E. J. & Hanahan, D. J. (1958). Observation on the silicic acid chromatography of the neutral lipids of rat liver, beef liver and yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry 231, 493–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borrebaek, B., Osmundsen, H., Christiansen, E. N. & Bremer, J. (1980) Increased 4-enoyl-CoA reductase activity in liver mitochondria of rats fed high-fat diets and its effect on fatty acid oxidation and the inhibitory action of pent-4-enoate. FEBS Letters 121, 23–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, M. E., Albright, E. B., Foster, D. W. & McGary, J. D. (1981). In vivo reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in the rat. Journal of Clinical Investigation 68, 142–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bremer, J., Woldegiorgis, G., Schhalinske, K. & Shrago, E. (1985). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Activation by palmitoyl-CoA and inactivation by malonyl-CoA. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 833, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunengraber, H., Boutry, M. & Lowenstein, J. M. (1973). Fatty acid and 3-β-hydroxysterol synthesis in the perfused rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 248, 2656–2669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, G., Dembiec, D. & Marcus, J. (1970). Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extract. Analytical Biochemistry 34, 30–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dommes, V., Baumgart, C. & Kunau, W.-H. (1981). Degradation of unsaturated fatty acids in peroxisomes. Existence of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 8259–8262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dommes, V. & Kunau, W.-H. (1976). A convenient assay for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Analytical Biochemistry 71, 571–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane-Stanley, G. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, P. & Vagelos, P. R. (1961). The specificity of triglyceride synthesis from diglycerides in chicken adipose tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236, 2620–2623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hakkola, E. H., Hiltunen, J. K. & Autio-Harmainen, H. I. (1994). Mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductases in the rat: differential responses to clofibrate treatment. Journal of Lipid Research 35, 1820–1828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halminski, M. A., Marsh, J. B. & Harrison, E. H. (1991). Differential effects of fish oil, safflower oil and palm oil on fatty acid oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis in rat liver. Journal of Nutrition 121, 1554–1561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hara, K., Onizawa, K., Honda, H., Otsuji, K., Ide, T. & Murata, M. (1993). Dietary diacylglycerol-dependent reduction in serum triacylglycerol concentration in rats. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, 185–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hashimoto, T., Miyazawa, S., Gunarso, D. & Furuta, S. (1981). α-Amanitin inhibits the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in mouse liver. Journal of Biochemistry 90, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, R. Y. & Lardy, H. A. (1969). Malic enzyme. Methods in Enzymology 13, 230–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ide, T., Gotoh, Y. & Sugano, M. (1980). Dietary regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthetic activities in fasted-refed rats. Journal of Nutrition 110, 158–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ide, T., Hirabayashi, S., Kano, S. & Sugano, M. (1992). Soybean phospholipid dependent reductions in triacylglycerol concentration and synthesis in the liver of fasted-refed rats. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1124, 163–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ide, T., Kano, S., Murata, M., Yanagita, T. & Sugano, M. (1994). Dietary modifications of the biliary bile acid glycine: taurine ratio and activity of hepatic bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1) in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ide, T., Okamatsu, H. & Sugano, M. (1978). Regulation by dietary fats of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase in rat liver. Journal of Nutrition 108, 601–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ide, T., Oku, H. & Sugano, M. (1982). Reciprocal responses to clofibrate in ketogenesis and triglyceride and cholesterol secretion in isolated rat liver. Metabolism 31, 1065–1072.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ide, T. & Ontko, J. A. (1981). Increased secretion of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride following inhibition of long chain fatty acid oxidation in isolated rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 10247–10255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ide, T., Watanabe, M., Sugano, M. & Yamamoto, I. (1987). Activities of liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rats fed trans fat. Lipids 22, 6–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Käki, T., Hakkola, E., Hassinen, I. E. & Hiltunen, J. K. (1987). β-Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in peroxisomes. Subcellular distribution of Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity in rat liver. FEBS Letters 215, 228–232.Google Scholar
Karlson, K. A. & Pascher, I. (1971). Thin layer chromatography of ceramides. Journal of Lipid Research 12, 466–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawaguchi, A., Yoshimura, T. & Okuda, S. (1981). A new method for the preparation of acyl-CoA thioesters. Journal of Biochemistry 89, 337–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, D. S. & Kletzien, R. F. (1984). Ethanol modulation of hormonal and nutritional regulation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochemical Journal 217, 543–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, D. S., Nelson, G. J. & Hunt, J. E. (1986). Effect of prior nutritional status on the activity of lipogenic enzymes in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochemical Journal 235, 87–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunau, W.-H. & Dommes, P. (1978). Degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. Identification of intermediates in the degradation of cis-4-decenoyl-CoA by extracts of beef-liver mitochondria. European Journal of Biochemistry 91, 533–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malewiak, M.-L., Griglio, S. & Le Liepvre, X. (1985). Relationship between lipogenesis, ketogenesis, and malonyl-CoA content in isolated hepatocytes from the obese Zucker rat adapted to a high-fat diet. Metabolism 34, 604–611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mannaerts, G. P., Debeer, L. J., Thomas, J. & De Schepper, P. J. (1979). Mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in liver homogenate and isolated hepatocytes from control or clofibrate-treated rats. Journal of Biological Chemistry 254, 4585–4595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markwell, M. A. K., McGroarty, E. J., Bieber, L. L. & Tolbert, N. E. (1973). The subcellular distribution of carnitine acyltransferases in mammalian liver and kidney. A new peroxisomal enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry 248, 3426–3432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayes, P. A. & Felts, J. M. (1967). Regulation of fat metabolism in the liver. Nature 215, 716–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murata, M., Hara, K. & Ide, T. (1994). Alteration by diacylglycerols of the transport and fatty acid composition of lymph chylomicron in rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 58, 1416–1419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nepokroeff, C. M., Lakshmanan, M. R., Ness, G. C., Muesing, R. A., Kleinsek, A. & Porter, J. W. (1974). Coordinate control of rat liver lipogenic enzymes by insulin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 162, 340–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Omura, T. & Takesue, S. (1970). A new method for simultaneous purification of cytochrome b5 and NADPHcytochrome c reductase from rat liver microsomes. Journal of Biochemistry 67, 249–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osmundsen, H. & Björnstad, K. (1985). Inhibitory effect of some long-chain unsaturated fatty acids on mitochondrial β-oxidation. Biochemical Journal 230, 329–337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osmundsen, H. & Hovik, R. (1988). β-Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochemical Society Transactions 16, 420–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osumi, T. & Hashimoto, T. (1979 a). Subcellular distribution of the enzymes of the fatty acyl-CoA β-oxidation system and their induction by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rat liver. Journal of Biochemistry 85, 131–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osumi, T. & Hashimoto, T. (1979 b). Occurrence of two 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases in rat liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 574, 258–267.Google ScholarPubMed
Palosaari, P. M., Kilponen, J. M., Sormunen, R. T., Hassinen, I. E. & Hiltunen, J. K. (1990). Δ3,Δ2-Enoyl-CoA isomerase. Characterization of the mitochondrial isoenzyme in the rat. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 3347–3353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rustan, A. C., Christiansen, E. N. & Drevon, C. A. (1992). Serum lipid, hepatic glycerolipid metabolism and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rats fed n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Biochemical Journal 283, 333–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, H. (1991) Beta oxidation of fatty acids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1081, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulz, H. (1994) An overview of the pathway for the β-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Fatty Acids and Lipids: Biological Aspects, pp. 18–21 [Galli, C., Simopoulos, A. P. and Tremoli, E., editors]. Basel: S. Karger AG.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1989). Statistical Methods, 8th ed.Ames: Iowa University Press.Google Scholar
Van Harken, D. R., Dixon, C. W. & Heimberg, M. (1969). Hepatic lipid metabolism in experimental diabetes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 244, 2278–2285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veeger, C., Der Vartanian, D. V. & Zeylmaker, W. P. (1969). Succinate dehydrogenase. Methods in Enzymology 13, 81–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahlefeld, A. W. (1985). Lactate dehydrogenase. UV-method with 1-lactate and NAD. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 3rd English ed., vol. 8, pp. 126–133 [Bergmeyer, H. U., Bergmeyer, J. and Graβl, M., editors]. Deerfield Beach: VHC Publishers.Google Scholar
Windmueller, H. G. & Spaeth, A. E. (1967). De novo synthesis of fatty acid in perfused rat liver as a determinant of plasma lipoprotein production. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 122, 362–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, S. H., Nestel, P. J., Trimble, R. P., Storer, G. B., Illman, R. J. & Topping, D. L. (1984). The adaptive effects of dietary fish and safflower oil on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in perfused rat liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 792, 103–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed