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Quantifying dietary macronutrient sources of carbon for bone collagen biosynthesis using natural abundance stable carbon isotope analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Susan Jim ,
Vicky Jones ,
Stanley H. Ambrose  and
Richard P. Evershed
Susan Jim
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry UnitBristol Biogeochemistry Research CentreSchool of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristol BS8 1TSUK
Vicky Jones
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry UnitBristol Biogeochemistry Research CentreSchool of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristol BS8 1TSUK
Stanley H. Ambrose
Affiliation:
Department of AnthropologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA
Richard P. Evershed*
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry UnitBristol Biogeochemistry Research CentreSchool of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristol BS8 1TSUK
*
*Corresponding author: Richard Evershed, fax 44 (0)117 9251295, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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The diets of laboratory rats were isotopically and nutritionally manipulated using purifiedC3 and/or C4 macronutrients to investigate the routing of dietary carbonto bone collagen biosynthesis. Diets were formulated with purified proteins, carbohydrates andlipids of defined composition and natural abundance stable isotope ratios. Bulk protein and constituent amino acid δ13C values determined for whole diet and bone collagen provided the basis for assessing isotopic fractionation and estimating the degree of routing versus synthesis de novo of essential, non-essential and conditionally indispensable amino acids. Essential and conditionally indispensable amino acids were shown to be routed from diet to collagen with little isotopic fractionation whereas non-essential amino acids differed by up to 20‰. Mathematical modelling of the relationships between macronutrient and tissue δ13C values provided qualitative and quantitative insights into the metabolic and energetic controls on bone collagen biosynthesis. Essential amino acids comprise 21·7% of the carbon in collagen, defining the minimum amount of dietary carbon routing. Estimates of 42 and 28% routing were shown for the non-essential amino acids, glycine and aspartate, respectively. In total, the routing of non-essential and conditionally indispensable amino acids was estimated to equal 29·6% of the carbon in collagen. When the contribution of carbon from the essential amino acids is also considered, we arrive at an overall minimum estimate of 51·3% routing of dietary amino acid carbon into bone collagen.

Keywords

Stable carbon isotope analysisBone collagenAmino acidNatural abudanceBiosynthesisFeeding experimentsRats C3/C4 diets
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , June 2006 , pp. 1055 - 1062
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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