Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T11:48:29.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by a novel fungal source of γ-linolenic acid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

L. S. Harbige ,
N. Yeatman ,
S. Amor  and
M. A. Crawford
L. S. Harbige
Affiliation:
Immunology Department, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH
N. Yeatman
Affiliation:
Immunology Department, The Royal London Hospital Medical College, London El 2AB
S. Amor
Affiliation:
Immunology Department, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH
M. A. Crawford
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition and Brain Chemistry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hayward Building (3rd Floor), Hackney Road, London E2 8PS
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effects of oral administration of linoleic- and γ-inolenic-acid-rich oils on the clinical and histopathological manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated in Lewis rats 7 d post-inoculation. γ-Linolenic-acid-rich fungal (Mucor javanicus) oil at 500 mg/kg body weight abrogated clinical and histological signs of EAE although at doses of 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight it was only effective in delaying the onset of clinical disease. Linoleic-acid-rich safflower-seed (Carthamus tinctorius) oil at 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg body weight decreased the severity of clinical EAE. disease in a dose-dependent manner. The effects in healthy animals of orally administered γ-linolenic-acid-rich fungal oil (500 mg/kg body weight) and linoleic-acid-rich safflower-seed oil (1000 mg/kg body weight) on splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin-A (Con A), membrane fatty acid composition and lymphocyte sub-sets were also studied. Both treatments enhanced the T-cell proliferative response to Con A. There was no significant effect on the proportion of splenic CD8+ or CD4+ lymphocytes. Compositional studies on splenic phosphoglyceride fatty acids of oil-treated animals suggest the above responses were associated with increases in spleen dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids.

Keywords

Linoleic acidγ-Linolenic acidExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Type
γ-Linolenic acid and encephalomyelitis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 74 , Issue 5 , November 1995 , pp. 701 - 715
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1995

References

Ackman, R. (1969). Gas liquid chromatography of fatty acids and esters. Methods in Enzymology 14, 329–381.Google Scholar
Alvord, E. C., Kies, M. W. & Suckling, A. J. (1984). Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. A Useful Model for Multiple Sclerosis. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc.Google Scholar
Baker, R. W., Thompson, R. H. & Zilkha, K. J. (1964). Serum fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 27, 408–414.Google Scholar
Bernard, C. A. A. & Kerlere de Rorbo, N. K. (1992). Multiple sclerosis: an autoimmune disease of multifactorial actiology. Current Opinion in Immunology 4, 760–765.Google Scholar
Betz, M. & Fox, B. S. (1991). Prostaglandin E2 inhibits production of Th1 lymphokines but not of Th2 lymphokines. Journal of Immunology 146, 108–113.Google Scholar
Calder, P. C., Bevan, S. J. & Newsholme, E. A. (1992). The inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation by fatty acids is via an eicosanoid-independent mechanism. Immunology 75, 108–115.Google Scholar
Cherayil, G. D. (1984). Sialic acid and fatty acid concentrations in lymphocytes, red blood cells, and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 63, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, G. M. (1982). Statistics and Experimental Design. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. A., Rivers, J. P. & Hassam, A. G. (1977). Comparative studies on the metabolic equivalence of linoleic and arachidonic acids. Nutrition and Metabolism 21, Suppl. 1, 189–190.Google Scholar
Cross, A. H., Cannella, B., Brosan, C. F. & Raine, C. S. (1991). Hypothesis: antigen-specific T-cells prime central nervous system endothelium for recruitment of nonspecific inflammatory cells to effect autoimmune demyelination. Journal of Neuroimmunology 33, 237–244.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. H., Bates, D., Millar, J. H. D. & Paty, D. W. (1984). Linoleic acid and multiple sclerosis: a reanalysis of three double-blind trials. Neurology 34, 1441–1445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fallis, R. J., Powers, M. L. & Weiner, H. L. (1987). Serial analysis of peripheral blood T-cell phenotypes and myelin basic protein reactivity in experimental allergic enceaphalomyelitis. Neurology 37, 719–723.Google Scholar
ffrench-Constant, C. (1994). Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 343, 271–275.Google Scholar
Fisher, M., Johnson, M. H., Natale, A. M. & Levine, P. H. (1987). Linoleic acid levels in white blood cells, platelets and serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 76, 241–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane-Stanley, J. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.Google Scholar
Harbige, L. S., Crawford, M. A., Jones, J., Preece, A. W. & Fort, A. (1986). Dietary intervention studies on phosphoglyceride fatty acids and electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes in multiple sclerosis. Progress in Lipid Research 25, 243–248.Google Scholar
Harbige, L. S., Ghebremeskel, K., Williams, G. & Summers, P. (1990). N-3 and n-6 phosphoglyceride fatty acids in relation to in vitro erythrocyte haemolysis induced by hydrogen peroxide in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 97B, 167–170.Google Scholar
Hassam, A. G., Sinclair, A. J. & Crawford, M. A. (1975). The incorporation of orally fed radioactive gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid into the liver and brain lipids of suckling rats. Lipids 10, 417–420.Google Scholar
Hayosh, N. S., Karpus, W. J. & Swanborg, R. H. (1989). Effector cells of autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat belong to the CD4-positive, 0X22-adherent T-cell subset. Journal of Neuroimmunology 25, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, D., Keith, A. B., Mertin, J. & Caspary, E. A. (1980). Linoleic acid therapy in severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 41, 523–531.Google Scholar
Kelly, J. P. & Parker, C. W. (1979). Effects of arachidonic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids on mitogenesis in human lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 122, 1556–1562.Google Scholar
Kollmorgen, G. M., Sansing, W. A., Lehman, A. A., Fischer, G., Longley, R. E., Alexander, S. S., King, M. M. & McCay, P. B. (1979). Inhibition of lymphocyte function in rats fed high-fat diets. Cancer Research 39, 3458–3462.Google Scholar
Lassmann, H. (1983). Comparative Neuropathology of Chronic Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Meade, C. J., Mertin, J., Sheena, J. & Hunt, R. (1978). Reduction by linoleic acid of the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 35, 291–308.Google Scholar
Mertin, J. (1981). Essential fatty acids and cell-mediated immunity. Progress in Lipid Research 20, 851–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mertin, J. & Stackpoole, A. (1978). Suppression by essential fatty acids of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is abolished by indomethacin. Prostaglandins and Medicine 1, 283–291.Google Scholar
Mertin, J. & Stackpoole, A. (1979). The spleen is required for the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by prostaglandin precursors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 36, 449–455.Google Scholar
Mertin, J., Stackpoole, A. & Shumway, S. J. (1984). Prostaglandins and cell-mediated immunity. Transplantation 37, 396–402.Google Scholar
Mertin, J., Stackpoole, A. & Shumway, S. J. (1985). Nutrition and immunity: the immunoregulatory effect of n-6 essential fatty acids is mediated through prostaglandin-E. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 77, 390–395.Google Scholar
Mosmann, T. R. & Coffman, R. L. (1989). Th1 and Th2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Review of Immunology 7, 145–173.Google Scholar
Navarro, X. & Segura, R. (1989). Red blood cell fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 79, 32–37.Google Scholar
Neu, I. S. (1983). Essential fatty acids in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurological Scandinavica 67, 151–163.Google Scholar
Paterson, P. Y. (1980). The immunopathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In The Suppression of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis, pp. 11–29 [DavisonA, N. A, N. and Cuzner, M. L., editors]. London: Academic Press Inc.Google Scholar
Phylactos, A. C., Harbige, L. S. & Crawford, M. A. (1994). Essential fatty acids alter the activity of manganese-superoxide dismutase in rat heart. Lipids 29, 111–115.Google Scholar
Sanders, H., Thompson, R. H., Wright, H. P. & Zilkha, K. J. (1968). Further studies on platelet adhesiveness and serum cholesteryl linoleate levels in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 31, 321–325.Google Scholar
Stackpoole, A. & Mertin, J. (1981). The effect of prostaglandin precursors in in vivo models of cell-mediated immunity. Progress in Lipid Research 20, 649–654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsang, W. M., Berlin, J., Monro, J. A., Smith, A. D., Thompson, R. H. S. & Zilkha, K. J. (1976). Relationship between plasma and lymphocyte linoleate in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 39, 767–771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, M. R., Ellis, N. K., Young, M. E. & Wepsic, H. T. (1987). Stimulation of hematopoiesis and bone marrow suppressor cells by subcutaneous injection of linoleic acid. Cellular Immunology 107, 238–248.Google Scholar