Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:14:12.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasma lipids and large bowel volatile fatty acids in pigs fed on white rice, brown rice and rice bran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Yustinus Marsono ,
Richard J. Illman ,
Julie M. Clarke ,
Rodney P. Trimble  and
David L. Topping
Yustinus Marsono
Affiliation:
CSIRO (Australia) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
Richard J. Illman
Affiliation:
CSIRO (Australia) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
Julie M. Clarke
Affiliation:
CSIRO (Australia) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
Rodney P. Trimble
Affiliation:
CSIRO (Australia) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
David L. Topping
Affiliation:
CSIRO (Australia) Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Adult male pigs were fed on a diet containing (% of energy) fat 25 starch 55 from white rice and providing 20 g fibre/pig per d (diet WR). In two other groups rice bran was added to the diet to provide 43 g fibre/d. One group received the diet unmodified (diet RB), but in another (diet RO) heat-stabilized unrefined rice oil replaced the palm oil. In a further group brown rice replaced white rice and provided 37 g fibre/pig per d (diet BR). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were similar with diets WR, RB and BR. With diet RO the concentration was significantly lower than with diets WR and BR but was not different from diet RB. Plasma high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerols were unaffected by diet. In all groups, digesta mass rose from the caecum to the proximal colon but fell in the distal colon. Diet WR gave the lowest digesta mass while diet BR gave a significantly higher mass along the large bowel length. RB- and RO-fed pigs had equal masses of digesta which were intermediate between BR- and WR-fed pigs at all sampling sites. Pools of individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the proximal large bowel were unaffected by diet. Pools of total and individual VFA in the median and distal colon were lowest with diets WR and RB and significantly higher with diet BR. In these regions of the colon pools of acetate in RO-fed pigs did not differ from those in the BR-fed group but were higher than in other groups. However, pools of propionate and butyrate with the RO diet were significantly lower than with diet BR and the same as with diets WR and RB. Portal venous VFA concentrations were unaffected by diet. The higher large bowel digesta masses and VFA with diet BR may reflect the escape of starch from the smallintestine.

Keywords

Plasma cholesterolVolatile fatty acidsRiceRice branPig
Type
Effects of Complex Carbohydrates on Lipid Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , September 1993 , pp. 503 - 513
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, J. W. & Chen, W. J. L. (1986). Cholesterol lowering properties of oat products. In Oats: Chemistry and Technology, pp. 309–333 [ Webster, F. H., editor]. St Paul, MN: American Association of Cereal Chemists.Google Scholar
Argenzio, R. A. & Southworth, M. (1974). Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastointestinal tract of pigs. American Journal of Physiology 228, 454–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babcock, D. (1987). Rice bran as a source of dietary fibre. Cereal Foods World 32, 538–539.Google Scholar
Barber, S. & Barber, C. B. (1980). Rice Bran: chemistry and technology. In Rice Production and Utilisation, pp, 790–862 [ Luh, B. S., editor]. Westport, CT: Avi Publishing Co. Inc.Google Scholar
Biro Pusat Statistik (1988). Food Balance Sheet in Indonesia, 1986. Jakarta, Indonesia: Biro Pusat Statistik.Google Scholar
British Nutrition Foundation (1990). Complex Carbohydrates in Foods. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Brodribb, A. J. M. & Groves, C. (1978). Effect of bran particle size on stool weight. Gut 19, 60–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coffman, W. R. & Juliano, B. O. (1987). Rice. In Nutritional Quality of cereal Grains, pp. 101–131 [Olson, R. A.Frey, K. J., editors]. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy Inc.Google Scholar
Cummings, J. H., Pomare, E. W., Branch, W. J., Naylor, C. P. E. & Macfarlane, G. T. (1987). Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28, 1221–1227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, H. N. & Kingman, S. M. (1990). In Dietary Fibre, pp. 49–65 [ Kritchevsky, D., Bonfield, C. and Anderson, J. W., editors]. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, S. E. & Arce, D. S. (1986). Volatile fatty acids: their production, absorption, utilization, and roles in human health. Clinics in Gastroenterology 15, 787–814.Google ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, J. S. & Mathers, J. C. (1990). Large bowel fermentation in rats given diets containing raw peas (Pisumsativum). British Journal of Nutrition 64, 569–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, H. & Aman, P. (1982). The pig as a model in dietary fibre digestion studies. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 22 (Suppl 129), 55–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussein, A. S. & Kratzer, F. H. (1982). Effect of rancidity on the feeding value of rice bran for chickens. Poultry Science 61, 2450–2455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illman, R. J., Topping, D. L., McIntosh, G. H., Trimble, R. P., Storer, G. B., Taylor, M. N. & Cheng, B.-Q. (1988). Hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary propionate: studies in whole animals and perfused rat liver. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 32, 97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, I. T., Gee, J. M. & Brown, J. C. (1989). A comparison of rice bran, wheat bran and cellulose as sources of dietary fibre in the rat. Food Science and Nutrition 42F, 153–163.Google Scholar
Juliano, B. O. (1985). Rice bran. In Rice: Chemistry and Technology, [ Juliano, B. O., editor]. St Paul, MN: The American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
Kestin, M., Moss, R., Clifton, P. M. & Nestel, P. J. (1990). Comparative effects of three cereal brans on plasma lipids, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 661–666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirwdn, W. O., Smith, A. N., McConnell, A. A., Mitchell, W. D. & Eastwood, M. A. (1974). Action of different bran preparations on colonic function. British Medical Journal 4, 187–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruh, J. (1982). Effects of sodium butyrate, a new pharmacological agent, on cells in culture. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 42, 62–85.Google ScholarPubMed
McBurney, M. I., Cuff, D. J. & Thompson, L. U. (1990). Rates of fermentation and short chain fatty acids and gas production of six starches by human faecal microbiota. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 50, 79–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBurney, M. I., Thompson, L. U., Cuff, D. J. & Jenkins, D. J. A. (1988). Comparison of ileal effluents, dietary fibers, and whole foods in predicting the physiologic importance of colonic fermentation. American Journal of Gastroenterology 63, 536–540.Google Scholar
Mattson, F. H. & Grundy, S. M. (1985). Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man. Journal of Lipid Research 26, 194–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, B. L., Lawson, M. J., Davies, M., Kerr-Grant, A., Roediger, W. E. W., Illman, R. J. & Topping, D. L. (1985). Volatile fatty acids in the human intestine: studies in surgical patients. Nutrition Research 5, 1089–1092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Health and Medical Research Council. CSIRO and Australian Agricultural Council (1985). Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Experimental Purposes. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1989). Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. Washington DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Nicolosi, R. J., Ausman, L. M. & Hegstead, D. M. (1991). Rice bran oil lowers serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo B levels in nonhuman primates. Atherosclerosis 88, 133–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, W. E. W. (1982). The effect of bacterial metabolism on the nutrition and function of the colon mucosa: a symbiosis between man and bacteria. In Colon and Nutrition, pp. 11–26 [ Goebel, H. and Caspar, H., editors]. Lancaster: MTP Press.Google Scholar
Schneeman, B. O. (1986). Dietary fiber: physical and chemical properties, methods of analysis and physiological effects. Food Technology 40, 104–110.Google Scholar
Seetharamaiah, G. S. & Chandrasekhara, N. (1989). Studies on hypocholesterolemic activity of rice bran oil. Atherosclerosis, 18, 219–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siebert, B. D., Lewis, G. & Topping, D. L. (1987). Comparative effects of diets of lean and high-fat meat on plasma lipids in the pig. Nutrition Research 7, 877–882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, R. D. & Rukmini, C. (1986). Rice bran oil and hypocholesterolemia in rats. Lipids 21, 715–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topping, D. L., Illman, R. J., Clarke, J. M., Trimble, R. P., Jackson, K. & Marsono, Y. (1993). Dietary fat and fiber alter large bowel and portal venous volatile fatty acids and plasma cholesterol but not biliary steroids in pigs. Journal of Nutrition (In the press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topping, D. L., Illman, R. J., Roach, P. D., Trimble, R. P., Kambouris, A. & Nestel, P. J. (1990). Modulation of hypolipidemic effect of fish oils by dietary fiber in rats: studies with rice and wheat bran. Journal of Nutrition 120, 325–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topping, D. L., Illman, R. J., Taylor, M. N. & Mclntosh, G. H. (1985). Effects of wheat bran porridge oats on hepatic portal venous volatile fatty acids in the pig. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 29, 325–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed