Hostname: page-component-669899f699-b58lm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-28T20:48:38.777Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parathyroid hormone is elevated but bone markers and density are normal in young female subjects who consume inadequate dietary calcium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

D. Bonofiglio ,
M. Maggiolini ,
S. Catalano ,
S. Marsico ,
S. Aquila ,
A. Giorno ,
A. Giorno  and
S. Andò
D. Bonofiglio
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
M. Maggiolini
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
S. Catalano
Affiliation:
Health Centre, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
S. Marsico
Affiliation:
Health Centre, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
S. Aquila
Affiliation:
Health Centre, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
A. Giorno
Affiliation:
Health Centre, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
A. Giorno
Affiliation:
Health Centre, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
S. Andò*
Affiliation:
Department of Cellular Biology, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Sebastiano Andò, fax +39 984 401275, e-mail sebando@tin.it
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Dietary Ca and osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were assessed simultaneously to bone mineral density (BMD) in 200 adolescent girls (aged 11–15 years) and 100 young women (aged 20–23 years), selected from the lowest and highest end of the Ca intake distribution of a larger population sample. Ca intake was evaluated by food frequency questionnaires, BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at ultradistal and proximal radius of non-dominant arm, bone age was estimated from x-rays of left hand and wrist according to. Surprisingly, mean Ca intakes were below the dietary reference intakes in the subgroups of girls and women with the highest measured Ca consumption. Postmenarcheal, but not premenarcheal girls showed radial densities as high as the women and in no group was BMD associated with Ca intake. In all adolescents serum PTH was negatively related to dietary Ca. In girls before menarche IGF-I was positively associated with bone age, while in the same subjects the negative relationship between SHBG and BMD pointed to the crucial role of bioavailable sex steroids on bone mass apposition in early puberty. OC levels decreased progressively with age, while serum 25-OH-D significantly increased after menarche. In conclusion, although in adolescents low Ca intake has not been shown to induce any immediate deleterious effect on radial density, the compensatory hypersecretion of PTH supports the need for an adequate Ca intake to achieve peak bone mass.

Keywords

CalciumBone mineral densityParathyroid hormone
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 1 , July 2000 , pp. 111 - 116
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

References

Anderson, JJB, Tylavsky, FA, Halioua, L and Metz, JA (1993) Determinants of peak bone mass in young adult women: A review. Osteoporosis International 1 (Suppl.), S32–S36.Google Scholar
Blumsohn, A, Hannon, RA, Wrate, R, Barton, J, AI-Dehaimi, AW, Colwell, A and Eastell, R (1994) Biochemical markers of bone turnover in girls during puberty. Clinical Endocrinology 40, 663–670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boot, AM, De Ridder, MAJ, Pols, HAP, Krenning, EP and De Muinck Keizer-Schrama, SMPF (1997) Bone mineral density in children and adolescents: relation to puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82, 57–62.Google ScholarPubMed
Calvo, MS, Eyre, DR and Gundberg, CM (1996) Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocrine Reviews 17, 333–368.Google ScholarPubMed
Cara, JF, Rosenfield, RL and Furlanetto, RW (1987) A longitudinal study of the relationship of plasma somatomedin-C concentration to pubertal growth spurt. American Journal of Diseases of Children 141, 562–564.Google ScholarPubMed
Carnovale, E & Miuccio, F (1989) Tabelle di composizione degli alimenti (Food composition tables). Rome: Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione.Google Scholar
Chan, GM, Hoffmann, K and McMurray, M (1995) Effects of dairy products on bone and body composition in pubertal girls. Journal of Pediatrics 126, 551–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesney, RW, Rosen, JF, Hamstra, AJ, Smith, C, Mahaffey, K and DeLuca, HF (1981) Absence of seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite a rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in summer. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 53, 139–142.Google Scholar
Collins, D, Woods, A, Herd, R, Blake, G, Fogelman, I, Wheeler, M and Swaminathan, R (1998) Insulin-like growth factor-I and bone mineral density. Bone 23, 13–16.Google Scholar
Cooke, NE and Haddad, JG (1989) Vitamin D binding protein. Endocrine Reviews l0, 294–307.Google Scholar
Gilsanz, V, Gibbens, DT, Roe, TF, Carlson, M, Senac, MO, Boechat, MI, Huang, HK, Schulz, EE, Libanati, CR and Cann, CC (1988) Vertebral bone density in children: effect of puberty. Radiology 166, 847–850.Google Scholar
Glastre, C, Braillon, P, David, L, Cochat, P, Meunier, PJ and Delmas, PD (1990) Measurement of bone mineral content of the 1umbar spine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in normal children: correlations with growth parameters. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 70, 1330–1333.Google Scholar
Habener, JF, Rosenblatt, M and Potts, JT (1984) Parathyroid hormone: chemistry, biosynthesis, secretion, action, and metabolism. Physiology Reviews 64, 985–1053.Google Scholar
Halioua, L and Anderson, JJ (1989) Lifetime calcium intake and physical activity habits: independent and combined effects on the radial bone of healthy premenopausal Caucasian women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 534–541.Google Scholar
Harris, S, Enger, R, Riggs, B and Spelsberg, T (1995) Development and characterization of a conditionally immortalized human fetal osteoblastic cell line. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 10, 178–186.Google Scholar
Hartman, AM, Brown, CC, Palmgren, J, Pietinen, P, Verkasalo, M, Myer, D and Virtamo, J (1990) Variability in nutrient and food intakes among older middle-aged men. Implications for design of epidemiologic and validation studies using food recording. American Journal of Epidemiology 132, 999–1012.Google Scholar
Johansen, JS, Giwercman, A, Hartwell, D, Nielsen, CT, Price, PA, Christiansen, C and Skakkebæk, NE (1988) Serum bone gla protein as a marker of bone growth in children and adolescents: correlation with age, height, serum insulin-like growth factor I, and serum testosterone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 67, 273–278.Google Scholar
Johnston, CC, Miller, JZ, Slemenda, CW, Reister, TK, Hui, S, Christian, JC and Peacock, M (1992) Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 82–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, CC, Slemenda, CW and Melton, LJ (1991) Clinical use of bone density. New England Journal of Medicine 324, 1105–1109.Google Scholar
Jones, JI and Clemmons, DR (1995) Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Endocrine Reviews 16, 3–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Juul, A, Bang, P, Hertel, NT, Main, K, Dalgaard, P, Jorgensen, K, Muller, J, Hall, K and Skakkebaek, NE (1994) Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 78, 744–752.Google ScholarPubMed
Kanis, JA (1994) Calcium nutrition and its implications for osteoporosis. Part I. Children and healthy adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 757–767.Google Scholar
Kardinaal, AFM, Andò S, Charles, P, Charzewska, J, Rotily, M, Väänänen, K, Van Erp-Baart, AMJ, Heikkinen, J, Thomsen, J, Maggiolini, M, Deloraine, A, Chabros, E, Juvin, R and Schaafsma, G (1999) Dietary calcium and bone density in adolescent girls and young women in Europe. Journal Bone and Mineral Research 14, 583–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzman, DK, Bachrach, LK, Carter, DR and Marcus, R (1991) Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 73, 1332–1339.Google Scholar
Kawai, N, Kanzaki, S, Takano-Watou, S, Tada, C, Yamanaka, Y, Miyata, T, Oka, M and Seino, Y (1999) Serum free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), total IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations in normal children and children with growth hormone deficiency. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84, 82–89.Google ScholarPubMed
Kröger, H, Kotaniemi, A, Kröger, L and Alhava, E (1993) Development of bone mass and bone density of the spine and femoral neck — a prospective study of 65 children and adolescents. Bone Mineral 23, 171–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larkin, FA, Metzner, HL and Guire, KE (1991) Comparison of three consecutive-day and three random-day records of dietary intake. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 91, 1583–1542.Google Scholar
Lawson, DEM, Paul, AA, Black, AE, Cole, TJ, Mandal, AR and Davie, M (1979) Relative contributions of diet and sunlight to vitamin D state in the elderly. British Medical Journal 2, 303–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leboff, MS, Fuleihan, GE, Angell, JE, Chung, S and Curtis, K (1992) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the forearm: reproducibility and correlation with single-photon absorptiometry. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 7, 841–846.Google Scholar
Lloyd, T, Andon, MB, Rollings, N, Martel, JK, Landis, JR, Demers, LM, Eggli, DF, Kieselhorst, K and Kulin, HE (1993) Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls. Journal of the American Medical Association 270, 841–844.Google Scholar
Matkovic, V (1992) Calcium intake and peak bone mass. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 119–120.Google Scholar
Matkovic, V, Fontana, D, Tominac, C, Goel, P and Chesnut, CH (1990) Factors that influence peak bone mass formation: a study of calcium balance and the inheritance of bone mass in adolescent females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 878–888.Google Scholar
Mazess, RB, Barden, HS, Bisek, JP and Hanson, J (1990) Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for total body and regional bone mineral density and soft tissue composition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 1106–1112.Google Scholar
Murphy, S, Khaw, KT, May, H and Compston, JE (1994) Milk consumption and bone mineral density in middle aged and elderly women. British Medical Journal 308, 939–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ooms, ME, Lips, P, Roos, JC, Van der Vijgh, WJF, Popp-Snijders, C, Bezemer, PD and Bouter, LM (1995) Vitamin D status and sex hormone binding globulin: determinants of bone turnover and bone mineral density in elderly women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research l0, 1177–1184.Google Scholar
Roodman, DG (1996) Advances in bone biology: the osteoclast. Endocrine Reviews 17, 308–332.Google Scholar
Rubin, K, Schirduan, V, Gendreau, P, Sarfarazi, M, Mendola, R and Dalsky, G (1993) Predictors of axial and peripheral bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents, with special attention to the role of puberty. Journal of Pediatrics 123, 863–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saggese, G, Bertelloni, S and Baroncelli, GI (1997) Sex steroids and the acquisition of bone mass. Hormone Research 48, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selby, C (1990) Sex hormone binding globulin: origin, function and clinical significance. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 27, 532–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sentipal, JM, Wardlaw, G M, Mahan, J and Matkovic, V (1991) Influence of calcium intake and growth indexes on vertebral bone mineral density in young females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 425–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherman, SS, Hollis, BW and Tobin, JD (1990) Vitamin D status and related parameters in a healthy population: the effects of age, sex and season. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 71, 405–413.Google Scholar
Slemenda, CW, Christian, JC, Williams, CJ, Norton, JA and Johnston, CC (1991) Genetic determinants of bone mass in adult women: a reevaluation of the twin model and the potential importance of gene interaction on heritability estimates. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 6, 561–567.Google Scholar
Slemenda, CW, Peacock, M, Hui, S, Zhou, L and Johnston, CC (1997) Reduced rates of skeletal remodeling are associated with increased peak bone mineral density during the development of peak skeletal mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 12, 676–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Southard, RN, Morris, JD and Mahan, JD (1991) Bone mass in healthy children: measurement with quantitative DXA. Radiology 179, 735–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanner, JM (1978) Physical growth and development. In Textbook of Paediatrics, pp. 249–303 [Forfar, JO and Arnell, CC, editors]. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Tanner, JM, Whitehouse, RH, Cameron, N, Marshall, WA, Healy, MJR & Goldstein, H (1983) Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Turner, RT, Riggs, LB and Spelsberg, TC (1994) Skeletal effects of estrogen. Endocrine Reviews 15, 275–300.Google Scholar
van Hemert, AM, Birkenhäger, JC, de Jong, FH, Vandenbroucke, JP and Valkenburg, HA (1989) Sex hormone binding globulin in postmenopausal women: a predictor of osteoporosis superior to endogenous oestrogens. Clinical Endocrinology 31, 499–509.Google Scholar
Vedral, JL (1997) Dietary Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. (1997) Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Young, D, Hopper, JL, Nowson, CA, Green, RM, Sherwin, AJ, Kaymakci, B, Smid, M, Guest, CS, Larkins, RG and Wark, JD (1995) Determinants of bone mass in 10– to 26–year-old-females: A twin study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 10, 558–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed