Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T01:34:31.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutritional status of preschool Senegalese children: long-term effects of early severe malnutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Nicole Idohou-Dossou ,
Salimata Wade ,
Amadou T. Guiro ,
Cheikh S. Sarr ,
Babou Diaham ,
Djibril Cissé ,
Jean-Pierre Beau ,
Philippe Chappuis ,
Daniel Hoffman  and
Daniel Lemonnier
Nicole Idohou-Dossou*
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Salimata Wade
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Amadou T. Guiro
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Cheikh S. Sarr
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Babou Diaham
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Djibril Cissé
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Jean-Pierre Beau*
Affiliation:
Equipe de Nutrition et Alimentation, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
Philippe Chappuis
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
Daniel Hoffman
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick NJ 08901, USA
Daniel Lemonnier
Affiliation:
GRPN, Pédiatrie, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Nicole Idohou-Dossou, fax +221 832 44 15, email [email protected]
†In memoriam.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The prevalence of malnutrition remains high in many developing countries. However, data relating to the long-term effects of severe malnutrition, specifically, serum levels of biochemical indicators of nutritional status, are still scarce in the literature. Hence the present study aimed to investigate the nutritional, biological and growth status of Senegalese preschool children previously hospitalised for severe malnutrition. The study involved twenty-four 7-year-old children who had suffered from marasmus 5 years earlier, twenty-four siblings living in the same household, and nineteen age-matched children living in the centre of Dakar. The siblings were of similar age to the post-marasmic children. Anthropometry, serum biochemical indicators of nutritional status, growth factors, and haematological and mineral parameters were measured. The prevalence of stunting and wasting was the same in the post-marasmic children as in the siblings. Body-fat and fat-free-mass (FFM) deficits in both groups were corroborated by abnormally low concentrations of transthyretin, osteocalcin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3. FFM was positively and significantly correlated with concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. In the post-marasmic children, height for age was also correlated with IGF-1. Of the post-marasmic children, 53 % had Fe-deficiency anaemia, as did 35 % of the siblings and 29 % of the controls. No significant associations were found between the serum concentrations of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Se, Zn and growth retardation. At 5 years after nutritional rehabilitation, the post-marasmic children remained stunted with nutritional indices significantly lower than the control children. However, these children were doing as well as their siblings except for minor infections.

Keywords

StuntingBiochemical markersMineral statusAnaemiaWest Africa
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 1123 - 1132
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Adish, AA, Ersey, SA, Gyorkos, TW, Jean-Baptiste, J & Rojhani, A (1999) Effect of consumption of food cooked in iron pots on iron status and growth of young children: a randomized trial. Lancet 353, 712–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, LH (1994) Nutritional influences on linear growth: a general review. Eur J Clin Nutr 48, Suppl. 1, 75–89.Google ScholarPubMed
Aubert, R, Suquet, JP & Lemonnier, D (1980) Long-term morphological and metabolic effects of early under- and over-nutrition in mice. J Nutr 110, 649–661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bénéfice, E, Fouére, T & Malina, RM (1999) Early nutritional history and motor performance of Senegalese children, 4–6 years of age. Ann Hum Biol 26, 443–455.Google ScholarPubMed
Brook, CGD (1971) Determination of body composition of children from skinfold measurements. Arch Dis Child 46, 182–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christides, JP & Potier de Courcy, G (1987) Teneur en acide folique des aliments 2. Optimisation du dosage microbiologique des folates dans les aliments (Folic acid content of food 2. Optimisation of the microbiological proportioning of folates in food). Sci Aliments 7, 7–22.Google Scholar
Clemmons, DR, Underwood, LE, Dickerson, RN, et al. (1985) Use of plasma somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I measurements to monitor the response to nutritional repletion in malnourished patients. Am J Clin Nutr 41, 191–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colle, M, Ruffié, A & Ruedas, E (1988) Osteocalcin in children with short stature. Acta Paediatr Scand 343, Suppl., 196–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doumas, BT, Watson, WA & Biggs, HG (1971) Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clin Chim Acta 31, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durnin, JVGA & Rahaman, MN (1967) The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 21, 681–689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engler, R (1984) Bases méthodologiques: protéines de la réaction inflammatoire. Notion de profil protéique (Inflammatory reaction proteins. Concept of the protein profile). Pédiatrie 39, 339–344.Google Scholar
Feillet, F, Parra, HJ, Kamian, K, Bard, JM, Fruchart, JC & Vidailhet, M (1993) Lipoprotein metabolism in marasmic children of northern Mauritania. Am J Clin Nutr 58, 484–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frongillo, EA, de Onis, M & Hanson, KM (1997) Socioeconomic and demographic factors are associated with worldwide patterns of stunting and wasting of children. J Nutr 127, 2302–2309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galler, JR, Ramsey, FC, Forde, V, Salt, P & Archer, E (1987 b) Long-term effects of early kwashiorkor compared with marasmus. II. Intellectual performance. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 6, 847–854.Google ScholarPubMed
Galler, JR, Ramsey, FC, Salt, P & Archer, E (1987 a) Long-term effects of early kwashiorkor compared with marasmus. I. Physical growth and sexual maturation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 6, 841–846.Google ScholarPubMed
Golden, BE & Golden, MHN (1991) Relationships among dietary quality, children's appetites, growth stunting, and efficiency of growth in poor populations. Food Nutr Bull 13, 105–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, MHN (1994) Is complete catch-up possible for stunted malnourished children? Eur J Clin Nutr 48, Suppl. 1, 58–71.Google ScholarPubMed
Gouache, P, Le Moulac, B, Aubert, R, Flament, C & Bleiberg-Daniel, F (1989) Evolution de la composition des lipoprotéines au cours d'une carence protéique chez le rat (Evolution of the composition of lipoproteins in the course of protein deprivation in the rat). In Les Carences Nutritionnelles dans les PVD. 3èmes Journées du GERM, pp. 130–137 [Lemonnier, D and Ingenbleek, Y, editor]. Paris, France: Karthala-ACCT.Google Scholar
Grantham-McGregor, S (1984) Chronic undernutrition and cognitive abilities. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 38C, 83–94.Google Scholar
Guiro, AT & Sall, MG (1991) Transthyrétine et apolipoprotéines A et B au cours de la malnutrition protéino-énergétique des enfants sénégalais (Transthyretin and apolipoproteins A and B in the course of protein–energy malnutrition in Senegalese children). In Alimentation et Nutrition dans les Pays en Développement. 4èmes Journées du GERM, pp. 304–309 [Lemonnier, D, Ingenbleek, Y, Hennart, P, editors]. Paris, France: Karthala–ACCT–Aupelf.Google Scholar
Haider, M & Haider, SQ (1984) Assessment of protein energy malnutrition. Clin Chem 30, 1286–1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hautvast, JLA, Tolboom, JJM, Kafwembe, EM, et al. (2000) Severe linear growth retardation in rural Zambian children: the influence of biological variables. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 550–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hennart, P, Beghin, D & Bossuyt, M (1987) Long-term follow-up of severe protein-energy malnutrition in Eastern Zaïre. J Trop Pediatr 33, 10–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herbert, V (1987) Signification des tests de laboratoire relatifs au statut en folates. Besoins quotidiens en folates (Significance of laboratory tests relating to folates status. Daily requirements of folates). In Folates et Cobalamines: Collection Progrès en Hématologie no. 9, pp. 115–122 [Zittoun, J and Cooper, BA, editor]. Paris, France: Pr.R.Zittoun.Google Scholar
Hoffman, DJ, Sawaya, AL, Verreschi, I, Tucker, KL & Roberts, SB (2000) Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am J Clin Nutr 72, 702–707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeevanandam, M (1996) IGF-1, marqueur nutritionnel (IGF-1, nutritional marker). Nutr Clin Métabol 10, 265–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lentner, C (editor) (1984) Physical Chemistry, Composition of Blood, Hematology, Somatometric Data. Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th ed. vol. 3, pp. 115–125. Basle, Switzerland: Ciba-Geigy Limited.Google Scholar
Lewis, CP, Lavy, CBD & Harrison, WJ (2002) Delay in skeletal maturity in Malawian children. J Bone Joint Surg 84B, 732–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Looker, A, Johnson, C & McDowell, M (1991) Prevalence of impaired iron status and anemia in the United States. In Aspects Actuels des Carences en Fer et en Folates dans le Monde, pp. 29–38 [Hercberg, S, Galan, P, and Dupin, H, editors]. Colloque INSERM, vol. 197, Paris, France: INSERM.Google Scholar
Mahu, JL, Suquet, JP, Bleiberg-Daniel, F, Turquet, M & Lemonnier, D (1989) Enquête nutritionnelle chez les jeunes enfants à l'île de la Réunion: prévalence de la malnutrition protéino-énergétique, des infections et des parasitoses (Nutritional investigation of the young children of Reunion Island: the prevalence of protein–energy malnutrition, infections and parasitoses). In Les Carences Nutritionnelles dans les PVD. 3èmes Journées du GERM, pp. 114–126 [Lemonnier, D and Ingenbleek, Y, editors]. Paris, France: Karthala–ACCT.Google Scholar
Mancini, G, Carbonara, AO & Hereman, JF (1965) Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Int J Immunochem 2, 235–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martorell, R, Kettel, Khan L & Schroeder, DG (1994) Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 48 Suppl. 1, 45–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Merimee, TJ, Zapf, J, Hewlett, B & Cavalli-Sforza, LL (1987) Insulin-like growth factors in pygmies. The role of puberty in determining final stature. N Eng J Med 316, 906–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, T, Nishiyama, S, Futagoishi-Suginohara, Y, Matsuda, I & Higashi, A (1993) Mild to moderate zinc deficiency in short children: effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth velocity. J Pediatr 123, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ndiaye, B, Lemonnier, D, Sall, MG, et al. (1995) Serum osteocalcin regulation in protein-energy malnourished children. Pediatr Res 37, 606–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ndiaye, B, Prudhon, C, Guillozo, H & Lemonnier, D (1992) Rat serum osteocalcin concentration is determined by food intake and not by inflammation. J Nutr 122, 1870–1874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (1975) Lutte Contre les Anémies Nutritionnelles en Particulier la Carence en Fer. Série de Rapports Techniques, no. 580. Geneva, Switzerland: OMS.Google Scholar
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (1983) Mesure des modifications de l'état nutritionnel. Guide pour la mesure de l'impact nutritionnel des programmes d'alimentation complémentaire visant les groupes vulnérables. Geneva, Switzerland: OMS.Google Scholar
Prentice, A & Bates, CJ (1994) Adequacy of dietary mineral supply for human bone growth and mineralisation. Eur J Clin Nutr 48 Suppl. 1, 161–177.Google ScholarPubMed
Sarr, CS (1996) Evaluation du devenir d'enfants ayant souffert de malnutritionprotéino-énergétique sévère à Dakar (résultats préliminaires). Medical thesis, UniversitéCheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.Google Scholar
Sigman, M, Neumann, C, Baksh, M, Bwibo, N & McDonald, MA (1989) Relationship between nutrition and development in Kenyan toddlers. J Pediatr 115, 357–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simondon, KB, Simondon, F, Simon, I, et al. (1998) Preschool stunting, age at menarche and adolescent height: a longitudinal study in rural Senegal. Eur J Clin Nutr 52, 412–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siri, WB (1956) The gross composition of the body. In Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, vol. 4, pp. 239–280 [Tobias, CA and Lawrence, JH, editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wade, S, Bleiberg-Daniel, F, Le Moullac, B, et al. (1988 a) Value of serum transthyretin measurements in the assessment of marginal protein energy malnutrition in rats. J Nutr 118, 1002–1010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S, Parent, G,Bleiberg-Daniel, F, et al. (1988 b) Thymulin (Zn-FTS) activity in protein-energy malnutrition: new evidence for the interaction between malnutrition and infection in the thymic function. Am J Clin Nutr 47, 305–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walravens, PA, Hambidge, KM & Koepfer, DM (1989) Zinc supplementation in infants with a nutritional pattern of failure to thrive: a double-blind, controlled study. Pediatrics 83, 532–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waterlow, JC (1994) Introduction. Causes and mechanisms of linear growth retardation (stunting). Eur J Clin Nutr 48, Suppl. 1, 1–4.Google ScholarPubMed