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Meat consumption reduces the risk of nutritional rickets and osteomalacia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Matthew G. Dunnigan ,
Janet B. Henderson ,
David J. Hole ,
E. Barbara Mawer  and
Jacqueline L. Berry
Matthew G. Dunnigan
Affiliation:
University Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Janet B. Henderson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, UK
David J. Hole*
Affiliation:
Public Health & Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
E. Barbara Mawer
Affiliation:
University Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Jacqueline L. Berry
Affiliation:
University Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Professor David J. Hole, fax +44 141 330 3283, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Endogenous vitamin D deficiency (low serum 25(OH)D3) is a necessary but insufficient requirement for the genesis of vitamin D-deficiency rickets and osteomalacia. The magnitude of the independent contributions of dietary factors to rachitic and osteomalacic risk remains uncertain. We reanalysed two weighed dietary surveys of sixty-two cases of rickets and osteomalacia and 113 normal women and children. The independent associations of four dietary variables (vitamin D, Ca, fibre and meat intakes) and daylight outdoor exposure with rachitic and osteomalacic relative risk were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Meat and fibre intakes showed significant negative and positive associations respectively with rachitic and osteomalacic relative risk (RR; zero meat intake: RR 29·8 (95 % CI 4·96, 181), P<0·001; fibre intake: RR 1·53 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·32), P+0·043). The negative association of meat intakes with rachitic and osteomalacic relative risk was curvilinear; relative risk did not fall further at meat intakes above 60 g daily. Daylight outdoor exposure showed a significant negative association with combined relative risk (RR 0·33 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·66), P<0·001). Operation of the meat and fibre risk factors was related to sex, age and dietary pattern (omnivore/lactovegetarian), mainly determined by religious affiliation. The mechanism by which meat reduces rachitic and osteomalacic risk is uncertain and appears independent of revised estimates of meat vitamin D content. The meat content of the omnivore Western diet may explain its high degree of protection against nutritional rickets and osteomalacia from infancy to old age in the presence of endogenous vitamin D deficiency.

Keywords

Nutritional ricketsAsian ricketsRachitic risk factorsOsteomalacic risk factors
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 983 - 991
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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