Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T12:42:26.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Major determinants of fasting heat production and energetic cost of activity in growing pigs of different body weight and breed/castration combination*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. Van Milgen ,
J. F. Bernier ,
Y. Lecozler ,
S. Dubois  and
J. Noblet
J. Van Milgen*
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
J. F. Bernier
Affiliation:
Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
Y. Lecozler
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
S. Dubois
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
J. Noblet
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
*
†Corresponding author: J. van Milgen, fax +33 2 99 28 50 80, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A total of sixty-five observations on heat production during fasting and physical activity were obtained in four groups of pigs differing in breed and/or castration (Meishan (MC) and Large White (LWC) castrates and Large White (LWM) and Piétrain (PM) males) with body weight (BW) ranging between 25 and 60 kg. Pigs were fed ad libitum before fasting. Heat production was measured using indirect calorimetry. Fasting heat production (FHP) was proportional to the body weight raised to the power 0.55, but with group-specific proportionality parameters (810, 1200, 1220 and 1120kJ/kg BW0.55 per d for MC, LWC, LWM and PM respectively). Group effects could be removed by expressing FHP as a function of muscle, viscera and fat: FHP (kJ/d) = 457(muscle)0.81 + 1969(viscera)0.81 - 644(fat)0.81. It is hypothesized that different breeds with equal muscle and visceral mass, can have different FHP. The negative coefficient for fat would then be the result of a low FHP rather than a cause of it. Because a large part of the variation in tissue composition between groups was due to MC group, a separate equation for the lean groups was established. For lean pigs, FHP could be expressed as a function of muscle and viscera alone: FHP (kJ/d) = 508(muscle)0.66 + 2011(viscera)0.66. Both type of pig and BW affected the number of bouts of physical activities (i.e. standing or sitting) per day, the duration of activity and the total cost of activity. Energetic cost of activity was proportional to the muscle mass raised to the power 0.91 (FHPactivity (kJ/h activity) = 21.0(muscle)0.91). Physical activity represented less than 10% of the total heat production in fasting growing pigs housed alone in metabolic cages and kept in a quiet environment.

Keywords

Energy metabolismFasting heat productionBody compositionPigs
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 6 , June 1998 , pp. 509 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

Footnotes

*

Presented in part at the 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals held at Newcastle, Northern Ireland, September 1997.

References

Agricultural Research Council (1981) The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Baldwin, RL, Smith, NE, Taylor, J & Sharp, M (1980) Manipulating metabolic parameters to improve growth rate and milk secretion. Journal of Animal Science 51, 1416–1428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernier, JF, Dubois, S & Noblet, J (1996) Fasting heat production of Large White and Meishan growing pigs as influenced by environmental temperature. Journal of Animal Science 74, Suppl. 1, 180.Google Scholar
Bouwer, E (1965) Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In Energy Metabolism. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium held at Troon, Scotland, May 1964, pp. 441–443 [Blaxter, KL, editor]. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Brown, D & Mount, LE (1982) The metabolic body size of the growing pig. Livestock Production Science 9, 389–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burrin, DG, Ferrell, CL, Britton, RA & Bauer, M (1990) Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 439–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Close, WH & Mount, LE (1975) The rate of heat loss during fasting in the growing pig. British Journal of Nutrition 34, 279–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, R & McCraken, KJ (1980). Effect of confinement in a respiration chamber and changes in temperature and plane of nutrition on heat production of 25kg pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 123–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hörnicke, H (1970) Circadian activity rhythms and the energy cost of standing in growing pigs. In Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium held at Vitznau, Switzerland, 1970, pp. 165–168 [C, Wenk and M, Boessinger, editors]. Zürich: Juris Druck + Verlag.Google Scholar
Jakobsen, K, Chwalibog, A, Henckel, S & Thorbek, G (1994) Heat production and quantitative oxidation of nutrients by physical activity in pigs. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 38, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koong, LJ, Nienaber, JA & Mersmann, HJ (1983) Effect of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in genetically obese and lean pigs. Journal of Nutrition 113, 1626–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koong, LJ, Nienaber, JA, Pekas, JC & Yen, JT (1982) Effects of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 112, 1638–1642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyriazakis, I & Emmans, GC (1995) Do breeds of pig differ in the efficiency with which they use a limiting protein supply? British Journal of Nutrition 74, 183–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, TP, Jones, DD, Barrett, JR, Albright, JL, Miles, GE, Nienaber, JA & Hahn, GL (1988) Measuring the heat increment of activity in growing-finishing swine. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 31, 1180–1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblet, J (1996) Digestive and metabolic utilization of dietary energy in pig feeds: comparison of energy systems. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, pp. 207–231 [Wiseman, PC, Garnsworthy, J, Haresign, W, editors]. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Karege, C & Dubois, S (1991) Influence of growth potential on energy requirements for maintenance in growing pigs. In Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium held at Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 1991, pp. 107–111 [Wenk, C and Boessinger, M, editors]. Zürich: Juris Druck + Verlag.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Shi, XS & Dubois, S (1993) Energy cost of standing activity in sows. Livestock Production Science 34, 127–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiniou, N & Noblet, J (1995) Prediction of tissular body composition from protein and lipid deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 73, 1567–1575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratkowsky, DA (1983) Nonlinear Regression Modeling. A Unified Practical Approach. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.Google Scholar
Schrama, JW, Verstegen, MWA, Verboeket, PHJ, Schutte, JB & Haaksma, J (1996) Energy metabolism in relation to physical activity in growing pigs as affected by type of dietary carbohydrate. Journal of Animal Science 74, 2220–2225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, version 6. Cary, NY: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Sundstøl, F, Standal, N & Vangen, O (1979) Energy metabolism in lines of pigs selected for thickness of backfat and rate of gain. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica 29, 337–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Susenbeth, A & Menke, KH (1991) Energy requirements for physical activity in pigs. In Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium held at Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 1991, pp. 416–419 [Wenk, C and Boessinger, M, editors]. Zürich: Juris Druck + Verlag.Google Scholar
Tess, MW, Dickerson, GE, Nienaber, JA & Ferrell, CI (1984) The effects of body composition on fasting heat production in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 58, 99–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Milgen, J, Noblet, J, Dubois, S & Bernier, JF (1997) Dynamic aspects of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in swine. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 397–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webster, AJF (1981) The energetic efficiency of metabolism. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 121–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, JT, Hansen, JA, Nienaber, JA & Nelssen, JL (1992) Effects of genotype, porcine somatotropin and salbutamol on heat production and visceral weights of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 70, Suppl. 1, 241.Google Scholar
Yen, JT, Nienaber, JA, Hill, DA & Pond, WG (1989) Oxygen consumption by portal vein-drained organs and by whole animal in conscious growing swine. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 190, 393–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, JT, Nienaber, JA, Klindt, J & Crouse, JD (1991) Effect of ractopamine on growth, carcass traits, and fasting heat production of U.S. contemporary crossbred and Chinese Meishan pure- and crossbred pigs. Journal of Animal Science 69, 4810–4822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed