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Insulin response and changes in composition of non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma of middle-aged men following isoenergetic fatty and carbohydrate breakfasts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

D. L. Frape ,
N. R. Williams ,
K. L. H. Carpenter ,
M. A. Freeman ,
C. R. Palmer  and
R. J. Fletcher
D. L. Frape*
Affiliation:
NS Research, The Priory, Churchyard, Mildenhall, Suffolk IP28 7EE, UK Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
N. R. Williams
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
K. L. H. Carpenter
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
M. A. Freeman
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
C. R. Palmer
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Medical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
R. J. Fletcher
Affiliation:
The Kellogg Company of Great Britain Ltd, The Kellogg Building, Talbot Road, Manchester M16 0PU, UK
*
*Corresponding author:Dr David Frape, fax +44 1638 712192, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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It was previously shown that a high plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) persisted after a fatty breakfast, but not after an isoenergetic carbohydrate breakfast, adversely affecting glucose tolerance. The higher concentration after the fatty breakfast may in part have been a result of different mobilization rates of fatty acids. This factor can be investigated as NEFA mobilized from tissues are monounsaturated to a greater extent than those deposited from a typical meal. Twenty-four middle-aged healthy Caucasian men were given oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and for 28 d isoenergetic breakfasts of similar fat composition but of low (L) or moderate (M) fat content. The composition of NEFA in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined on days 1 and 29. No significant treatment differences in fasting NEFA composition occurred on day 29. During the OGTT and 0–1 h following breakfast there was an increase in plasma long-chain saturated NEFA but a decrease in monounsaturated NEFA (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·001). Between 1 and 3 h following breakfast treatment differences occurred for total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·05), expressed as an increase in 18 : 1 and decreases in 16 : 0 and 17 : 0 in treatment M relative to treatment L (P<0·05). Serum insulin attained 35 and 65 mU/l in treatments M and L respectively during this period. Negative correlations were found between 16 : 0 in fasting plasma and both waist:hip circumference (P=0·0009) and insulin response curve area during OGTT (within treatment M, P=0·0001). It is concluded that a normal postprandial insulin response is associated with a rapid change in plasma saturated:monounsaturated NEFA. It is proposed that this change is the result of a variable suppression of fat mobilization, which may partly account for a large difference in postprandial total plasma NEFA between fatty and carbohydrate meals.

Keywords

Non-esterified fatty acidsInsulinDietary fatDietary carbohydrate
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 5 , November 2000 , pp. 737 - 745
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

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