Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T09:16:28.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The influence of protein:energy value of the ration and level of feed intake on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of the growing pig

1. Energy metabolism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

W. H. Close ,
F. Berschauer  and
R. P. Heavens
W. H. Close
Affiliation:
ARC Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT
F. Berschauer
Affiliation:
ARC Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT
R. P. Heavens
Affiliation:
ARC Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. The heat losses and energy and nitrogen balances of thirty-six individually-housed, entire male pigs (initial body-weight 18–30 kg) were measured over 7 d periods, when they were fed on rations containing 153, 201 and 258 g crude protein (nitrogen × 6·25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM). The rations also contained 16·29, 16·96 and 17·24 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM so that the CP:ME values were 9·4, 11·8 and 15·0 g CP/MJ ME respectively. Each ration was given at three levels, 20, 35 and 50 g feed/kg body-weight per d, thus giving nine dietary treatments. The experiments were carried out at an environmental temperature of 22 (±1)°.

2. Heat loss (H) increased significantly (P < 0·01) with increase in ME intake. The rate of increase in H was not, however, influenced by the protein content of the ration. Thus, energy retention (ER) at any given level of ME intake was independent of the ration offered. From the relationship between ER and ME, estimates of the maintenance energy requirement (MEm) and the partial efficiency of energy utilization (k) were determined. MEm varied within the range 494–568 kJ/kg body-weight0·75 per d, while k varied from 0·70 to 0·76.

3. Both energy and protein intakes had a significant influence upon the rates of protein (P) and fat (F) deposition, and hence body-weight gain. At any given level of feed intake P was higher and F lower the higher the protein content of the ration. However, when compared at similar levels of protein intake, both P and F were reduced the higher the protein content of the ration.

4. From the multiple regression equations relating P and F to ME, individual estimates of MEm and the energetic efficiencies of protein (kp) and fat (kF) depositions were determined. Using an overall mean kF value of 0·86, it was calculated that MEm ranged from 462 to 525 kJ/kg body-weight0·75 per d while kp varied from 0·48 to 0·55. The significance of these estimates of kp are discussed in the light of their derivations and in relation to theoretical values.

Type
Papers on General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 49 , Issue 2 , March 1983 , pp. 255 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1983

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs, Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Agricultural Reasearch, Council/Medical Research Council Committee (1974). Food and Nutrition Research Report of the Agricultural Research Council/Medical Research Council Committee. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Armstrong, D. G. (1969). In Handbuch de Tierernährung, Vol. 1, p. 385 [W., Lenkeit, K., Breirem, and E., Crasemann, editors]. Hamburg: Paul Parey.Google Scholar
Berschauer, F. (1977). Blutharnstoffkonzentration und Proteinverwertung beim Schwein. Diss. Hohenheimer Arb. H. 91. Stuttgart: E. Ulmer.Google Scholar
Berschauer, F., Close, W. H. & Stephens, D. B. (1983). Br. J. Nutr. 49, 271.Google Scholar
Berschauer, F., Gaus, G. & Menke, K. H. (1980). In Energy Metabolism, p. 101 [Mount, L. E. editor]. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, R., Dent, J. B., English, P. R. & Raeburn, J. R. (1969). J. agric. Sci., Camb. 72, 379.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L. (1962). The Energy Metabolism of Ruminants. London: Hutchinson Scientific and Technical.Google Scholar
Braude, R., Keal, H. D. & Newport, M. J. (1977). Br. J. Nutr. 37, 187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brouwer, E. (1965). Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. no. 11, p. 441.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. (1977). Anim. Prod. 24, 69.Google Scholar
Carr, J. R., Boorman, K. N. & Cole, D. J. A. (1977). Br. J. Nutr. 37, 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H. (1978). Br. J. Nutr. 40, 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H. & Berschauer, F. (1981). Proc. Nutr. Soc. 40, 33 A.Google Scholar
Close, W. H. & Mount, L. E. (1975). Br. J. Nutr. 34, 279.Google Scholar
Close, W. H. & Mount, L. E. (1978). Br. J. Nutr. 40, 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H., Mount, L. E. & Brown, D. (1978). Br. J. Nutr. 40, 423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H. & Stanier, M. W. (1980). In Energy Metabolism, p. 399 [Mount, L. E., editor.] London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H., Verstegen, M. W. A. & Mount, L. E. (1973). Proc. Nutr. Soc. 32, 72A.Google Scholar
Cooke, R., Lodge, G. A. & Lewis, D. (1972). Anim. Prod. 14, 219.Google Scholar
Cromwell, G. L., Hays, V. W., Trujillo-Figueorn, V. & Kemp, J. D. (1978). J. Anim. Sci. 47, 505.Google Scholar
Fowler, V. R., Fuller, M. F., Close, W. H. & Whittemore, C. T. (1980). In Energy Metabolism, p. 151 [Mount, L. E. editor]. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F. & Boyne, A. W. (1971). Br. J. Nutr. 25, 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, M. F., English, P. R., Livingstone, R. M. & Crofts, R. M. J. (1976). J. agric. Sci., Camb. 86, 7.Google Scholar
Gebhardt, G. & Müller, H. (1971). Arch. Tierernähr. 21, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, R. & McCracken, K. J (1974). Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. no. 14, p. 161.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, L., Jentsch, W., Klein, M. & Schiemann, R. (1977). Arch Tierernähr. 27, 421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, L., Jentsch, W. & Schiemann, R. (1978). Arch. Tierernähr. 28, 273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, C. W., Christensen, R., Carr, J. R. & Pearson, G. (1980). In Energy Metabolism, p. 97 [Mount, L. E., editor]. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houseman, R. W. & McDonald, I. (1973). Anim. Prod. 17, 295.Google Scholar
Kellner, B. & Kirchgessner, M. (1973). Arch. Tierernähr. 23, 3.Google Scholar
Kielanowski, J. (1965). Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. no. 11, p. 13.Google Scholar
Kielanowski, J. (1976). Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. no. 16, p. 207.Google Scholar
Kotarbinska, M. (1969). Wydaw. Wlasne Inst. Zootech. Wroclaw no. 238.Google Scholar
McCracken, K. J., Eddie, S. M. & Stevenson, W. G. (1980). Br. J. Nutr. 43, 289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menke, K. H. (1979). Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 42, 173.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Garlick, P. J. & Reeds, P. J. (1976). Proc. Nutr. Soc. 35, 339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mount, L. E. [editor] (1980). Energy Metabolism. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Müller, H. L. & Kirchgessner, M. (1979). Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 42, 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, H. N. (1964). In Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Vol. 1, p. 381 [H.N., Munro, Allison, J. B. editors]. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, A. J. (1971). Beretn. Forsøgslab. no. 381.Google Scholar
Noblet, J. & Close, W. H. (1980). In Energy Metabolism, p. 335 [Mount, L. E. editor]. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Oslage, H. J., Fliegel, H., Farries, F. E. & Richter, K. (1966). Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 21, 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piatkowski, B. & Jung, H. (1966). Arch. Tierzucht. 9, 307.Google Scholar
Pullar, J. D. & Webster, A. J. F. (1977). Br. J. Nutr. 37, 355.Google Scholar
Reeds, P. J., Cadenhead, A., Fuller, M. F., Lobley, G. E. & McDonald, J. D. (1980). Br. J. Nutr. 43, 445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiemann, R. (1963). Deutsche Akademie der. Landn. Sitzungsberichte. 12, 39.Google Scholar
Schiemann, R., Chudy, A. & Herceg, O. (1961). Arch. Tierernähr. 11, 395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, V. D., Young, L. G. & Smith, G. C. (1971). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 51, 761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorbek, G. (1975). Beretn. Forsøgslab. no. 424.Google Scholar
Verstegen, M. W. A., Close, W. H., Start, I. B. & Mount, L. E. (1973). Br. J. Nutr. 30, 21.Google Scholar
Webster, A. J. F. (1980). Livestock Prod. Sci. 7, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar