Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:09:21.310Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The influence of exercise on the energy requirements of adult males in the UK

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. Haggarty ,
G. McNeill ,
M. K. Abu Manneh  and
L. Davidson
P. Haggarty
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
G. McNeill
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD
M. K. Abu Manneh
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
L. Davidson
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Energy expenditure was measured over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) and activity diary methods in summer and winter in subjects with ‘light’ occupations but leisure activities which ranged from ‘non-active’ to ‘very active’. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the energy cost of activities were determined by indirect calorimetry. The Department of Health (1991) predicted BMR for the group (6·89 (SD 0·30) MJ/d; n 18) was not significantly different from the measured value (7·17 (SD 0·70) MJ/d; n 18). The range of DLW-derived expenditure values within the group was BMR X 1·41 to 2·41. The largest seasonal change within individuals was BMR X 0·5. The energy expenditure of the group as a whole was lower in winter (BMR X 1·88; SD 0·33; n 9) than summer (BMR X 2·01; SD 0·30; n 9) though the difference was not statistically significant. The average summer and winter DLW-derived expenditure was BMR X 1·96 (SD 0·31; n 17). The activity diary estimate of expenditure was BMR X 1·79 (SD 0·32; n 17). In a subset of the group who were representative of the most active 26% of all adult males in the UK, the DLW-derived expenditure was BMR X 2·08 (SD 0·24; n 11). This is higher than the highest Department of Health (1991) estimate of BMR X 1·6 for individuals in light occupations. The measured energy costs of low-intensity activities were similar to those presented in the Department of Health (1991) report but the value determined for running (BMR X 13·08; SD 2·4; n 6) was higher than the highest value in the report (BMR X 6 to 8). The results indicate that the recent Department of Health (1991) reference values for energy may underestimate the expenditure of a significant proportion of the UK population largely because the energy costs of activity used in the report to calculate expenditure do not accurately reflect those achieved during active leisure in individuals who take regular exercise.

Keywords

Energy expenditureExerciseDoubly-labelled waterSeason
Type
Exercise and energy requirements
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 6 , December 1994 , pp. 799 - 813
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

RERERENCES

Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey (1992) A Report on Activity Patterns and Fitness Levels. London: Health Education Authority and Sports Council.Google Scholar
Bahr, R. (1992) Excess post exercise oxygen consumption - magnitude, mechanisms and practical implications. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 144, Suppl. 605, 1–70.Google Scholar
Black, A. E., Prentice, A. M. & Coward, W. A. (1986) Use of food quotients to predict respiratory quotients for the doubly labelled water method of measuring energy expenditure. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 4OC, 381–391.Google Scholar
Davidson, L., McNeill, G., Haggarty, P. & Smith, J. S. (1993) Measurement of free-living energy expenditure by continuous heart rate monitoring and doubly-labelled water. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 52, 93A.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1979) Recommended Daily Amounts of Food Energy and Nutrients for Groups of People in the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 15. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1984) Some problems in assessing the role of physical activity in the maintenance of energy balance. In Energy Intake and Activity. Current Topics in Nutrition and Disease, Vol. 11, pp. 101–113. [Politt, E. and Amante, P., editors]. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc.Google Scholar
Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1985) The energy cost of exercise. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 44, 273–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edholm, O. G., Fletcher, J. G., Widdowson, E. M. & McCance, R. A. (1955) The energy expenditure and food intake of individual men. British Journal of Nutrition 9, 286–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Report of a Joint Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series, no. 724.Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Haggarty, P. (1990) The effect of isotope sequestration and exchange. In IDECG Repor. The Doubly Labelled Water Method for Measuring Energy Expenditure. Technical Recommendations for Use in Humans, pp. 114–146 [Prentice, A. M., editor]. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.Google Scholar
Haggarty, P., Franklin, M. F., Fuller, M. F., McGaw, B. A., Milne, E., Duncan, G., Christie, S. L. & Smith, J. S. (1994) Validation of the doubly labeled water method in growing pigs. American Journal of Physiology(In the Press).Google ScholarPubMed
Haggarty, P., Franklin, M. F. & McGaw, B. A. (1988 a) Advantages and limitations of the double labelled technique to measure energy expenditure. In Obesity in Europe I, pp. 365–370 [Bjorntrop, P. and Rossner, S., editors].Google Scholar
Haggarty, P., McGaw, B. A. & Franklin, M. F. (1988 b) Measurement of fractionated water.loss and CO2 production using triply labelled water. Journal of Theoretical Biology 134, 291–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphrey, S. J. E. & Wolf, H. S. (1977) The Oxylog. Journal of Physiology 12p, 267.Google Scholar
James, W. P. T. & Schofield, E. C. (1990) Human Energy Requirements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kuno, Y. (1956) Human Perspiration. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Lifson, N. & McClintock, R. (1966) Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring energy and material balance. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12, 46–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingstone, M. B. E., Prentice, A. M., Strain, J. J., Coward, W. A., Black, A. E., Barker, M. E., McKenna, P. G. & Whitehead, R. G. (1990) Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health. British Medical Journal 300, 708–712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingstone, M. B. E., Strain, J. J., Prentice, A. M., Coward, W. A., Nevin, G. B., Barker, M. E., Hickey, R. J., McKenna, P. G. & Whitehead, R. G. (1991) Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maehlum, S., Grandmontagne, M., Newsholme, E. A. & Sejersted, O. M. (1986) Magnitude and duration of excess postexercise oxygen consumption in healthy young subjects. Metabolism 35, 425–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Margaria, R., Cerretelli, P., Aghemo, P. & Sassi, G. (1963) Energy cost of running. Journal of Applied Physiology 18, 367–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNeill, G., Bruce, A, Ralph, A. & James, W. P. T. (1988 a) Inter-individual differences in fasting nutrient oxidation and the influence of diet composition. International Journal of Obesity 12, 455–463.Google ScholarPubMed
McNeill, G., McBride, A., Smith, J. S. & James, W. P. T. (1989) Energy expenditure in large and small eaters. Nutrition Research 9, 363–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeill, G., Payne, P. R. & Rivers, J. P. W. (1988 b) Socio-economic and seasonal patterns of adult energy nutrition in a S. Indian village. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 22, 85–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midwood, A. J., Haggarty, P. & Milne, E. (1992) Analysis of 18O-enriched aqueous samples using CO2 equilibration in Vacutainers. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 43, 1341–1347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passmore, R. & Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1967) Energy, Work and Leisure. London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Roberts, S. B., Heyman, M. B., Evans, W. J., Fuss, P., Tsay, R. & Young, V. R. (1991) Dietary energy requirements of young adult men, determined by using the doubly labeled water method. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 499–505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, D. A. & Coward, A. W. (1990) Isotope fractionation corrections. In IDECG Report. The Doubly Labelled Water Method for Measuring Energy Expenditure. Technical Recornmendations for Use in Humans, pp. 90–113 [Prentice, A. M., editor]. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.Google Scholar
Schoeller, D. A., Ravussin, E., Schutz, Y., Acheson, K. J., Baertschi, P. & Jequier, E. (1986) Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in humans and proposed calculation. American Journal of Physiology 250, R823–R830.Google ScholarPubMed
Weir., J. B. De V. (1949) New methods of calculating metabolic rate. with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, K. R., Meijer, G. A. L., Jansen, E. M. E., Saris, W. H. M. & Hoor, F. Ten (1972) Long-term effect of physical activity on energy balance and body composition. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 21–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, W. W., Lee, L. S. & Klein, P. D. (1987) Deuterium and oxygen-18 measurements in microlitre samples of urine, plasma, saliva and human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 905–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed