Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T21:18:33.821Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT): expanded families of sugar transport proteins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

I. Stuart Wood  and
Paul Trayhurn
I. Stuart Wood*
Affiliation:
Liverpool Centre for Nutritional Genomics, Neuroendocrine & Obesity Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
Paul Trayhurn
Affiliation:
Liverpool Centre for Nutritional Genomics, Neuroendocrine & Obesity Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr I. S. Wood, fax +44 151 706 5802, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The number of known glucose transporters has expanded considerably over the past 2 years. At least three, and up to six, Na+-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1–SGLT6; gene name SLC5A) have been identified. Similarly, thirteen members of the family of facilitative sugar transporters (GLUT1–GLUT12 and HMIT; gene name SLC2A) are now recognised. These various transporters exhibit different substrate specificities, kinetic properties and tissue expression profiles. The number of distinct gene products, together with the presence of several different transporters in certain tissues and cells (for example, GLUT1, GLUT4, GLUT5, GLUT8, GLUT12 and HMIT in white adipose tissue), indicates that glucose delivery into cells is a process of considerable complexity.

Keywords

Glucose transporter proteinsDiabetes mellitusAdipose tissueMuscleSugar transport
Type
Horizons in Nutritional Science
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 1 , January 2003 , pp. 3 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Abel, ED, Peroni, O, Kim, JK, Kim, YB, Boss, O, Hadro, E, Minne-mann, T, Shulman, GI & Kahn, BB (2001) Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver. Nature 409, 729–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asano, T, Katagiri, H, Takata, K, Lin, JL, Ishihara, H, Inukai, K, Tsu-kuda, K, Kikuchi, M, Hirano, H, Yazaki, Y et al. , (1991) The role of N-glycosylation of GLUT 1 for glucose transport activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 24632–24636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astrup, A & Finer, N (2000) Redefining type 2 diabetes: 'diabesity' or 'obesity dependent diabetes mellitus'? Obesity Reviews 1, 57–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryant, NJ, Govers, R & James, DE (2002) Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, 267–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burchell, A (1998) A re-evaluation of GLUT7. Biochemical Journal 331, 973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carayannopoulos, MO, Chi, MM, Cui, Y, Pingsterhaus, JM, McKnight, RA, Mueckler, M, Devaskar, SU & Moley, KH (2000) GLUT8 is a glucose transporter responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the blastocyst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97, 7313–7318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, NO, Hausman, AM, Ifkovits, CA, Buse, JB, Gould, GW, Burant, CF & Bell, GI (1992) Human intestinal glucose transporter expression and localization of GLUT5. American Journal of Physiology 262, C795–C800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, PA, Mychaleckyj, JC, Fossey, SC, Mihic, SJ, Craddock, AL & Bowden, DW (2001) Sequence and functional analysis of GLUT 10: a glucose transporter in the Type 2 diabetes-linked region of chromosome 20q12-13.1. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 74, 186–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diabetes, UK (2000) Fact Sheet no. 2. Diabetes: The Figures. http://www.diabetes.org.uk/infocentre/fact/fact2.htmGoogle Scholar
Doege, H, Bocianski, A, Joost, HG & Schurmann, A (2000a) Activity and genomic organization of human glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), a novel member of the family of sugar-transport facilitators predominantly expressed in brain and leucocytes. Biochemical Journal 350, 771–776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doege, H, Bocianski, A, Scheepers, A, Axer, H, Eckel, J, Joost, HG & Schurmann, A (2001) Characterization of human glucose transporter (GLUT) 11 (encoded by SLC2A11), a novel sugar-transport facilitator specifically expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Biochemical Journal 359, 443–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doege, H, Schurmann, A, Bahrenberg, G, Brauers, A & Joost, HG (2000b) GLUT8, a novel member of the sugar transport facilitator family with glucose transport activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 16275–16280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsenstein, J (1989) PHYLIP – Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2). Cladistics 5, 164–166.Google Scholar
Froesch, ER (1972) Fructose metabolism in adipose tissue. Acta Medica Scandinavica 542, Suppl., 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukumoto, H, Kayano, T, Buse, JB, Edwards, Y, Pilch, PF, Bell, GI & Seino, S (1989) Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin-responsive tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 7776–7779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukumoto, H, Seino, S, Imura, H, Seino, Y, Eddy, RL, Fukushima, Y, Byers, MG, Shows, TB & Bell, GI (1988) Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a human glucose transporter-like protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85, 5434–5438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, GW, Thomas, HM, Jess, TJ & Bell, GI (1991) Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes: kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms. Biochemistry 30, 5139–5145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajduch, E, Darakhshan, F & Hundal, HS (1998) Fructose uptake in rat adipocytes: GLUT5 expression and the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 41, 821–828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halperin, ML & Cheema-Dhadli, S (1982) Comparison of glucose and fructose transport into adipocytes of the rat. Biochemical Journal 202, 717–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hediger, MA, Coady, MJ, Ikeda, TS & Wright, EM (1987) Expression cloning and cDNA sequencing of the Na+/glucose co-transporter. Nature 330, 379–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hediger, MA, Turk, E & Wright, EM (1989) Homology of the human intestinal Na+/glucose and Escherichia coli Na+/proline cotran-sporters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86, 5748–5752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hediger, MA, Kanai, Y, You, G & Nussberger, S (1995) Mammalian ion-coupled solute transporters. Journal of Physiology 482, 7S–17S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibberson, M, Uldry, M & Thorens, B (2000) GLUTX1, a novel mammalian glucose transporter expressed in the central nervous system and insulin-sensitive tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 4607–4612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, DE, Strube, M & Mueckler, M (1989) Molecular cloning and characterization of an insulin-regulatable glucose transporter. Nature 338, 83–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joost, HG, Bell, GI, Best, JD, Birnbaum, MJ, Charron, MJ, Chen, YT, Doege, H, James, DE, Lodish, HF, Moley, KH, Moley, JF, Mueckler, M, Rogers, S, Schurmann, A, Seino, S & Thorens, B (2002) Nomenclature of the GLUT/SLC2A family of sugar/polyol transport facilitators. American Journal of Physiology 282, E974–E976.Google ScholarPubMed
Joost, HG & Thorens, B (2001) The extended GLUT-family of sugar/polyol transport facilitators: nomenclature, sequence characteristics, and potential function of its novel members (review). Molecular Membrane Biology 18, 247–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanai, Y, Lee, WS, You, G, Brown, D & Hediger, MA (1994) The human kidney low affinity Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT2. Delineation of the major renal reabsorptive mechanism for D-glucose. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93, 397–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, EB, Burcelin, R, Tsao, TS, Stenbit, AE & Charron, MJ (1996) The metabolic consequences of altered glucose transporter expression in transgenic mice. Journal of Molecular Medicine 74, 639–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, EB, Stenbit, AE, Hatton, K, DePinho, R & Charron, MJ (1995) Cardiac and adipose tissue abnormalities but not diabetes in mice deficient in GLUT4. Nature 377, 151–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayano, T, Burant, CF, Fukumoto, H, Gould, GW, Fan, YS, Eddy, RL, Byers, MG, Shows, TB, Seino, S & Bell, GI (1990) Human facilitative glucose transporters. Isolation, functional characterization, and gene localization of cDNAs encoding an isoform (GLUT5) expressed in small intestine, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue and an unusual glucose transporter pseudogene-like sequence (GLUT6). Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 13276–13282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayano, T, Fukumoto, H, Eddy, RL, Fan, YS, Byers, MG, Shows, TB & Bell, GI (1988) Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 15245–15248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kong, CT, Yet, SF & Lever, JE (1993) Cloning and expression of a mammalian Na+/amino acid cotransporter with sequence similarity to Na+/glucose cotransporters. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 1509–1512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lisinski, I, Schurmann, A, Joost, HG, Cushman, SW & Al-Hasani, H (2001) Targeting of GLUT6 (formerly GLUT9) and GLUT8 in rat adipose cells. Biochemical Journal 358, 517–522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackenzie, B, Panayotova-Heiermann, M, Loo, DD, Lever, JE & Wright, EM (1994) SAAT1 is a low affinity Na+/glucose cotransporter and not an amino acid transporter. A reinterpretation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 22488–22491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McVie-Wylie, AJ, Lamson, DR & Chen, YT (2001) Molecular cloning of a novel member of the GLUT family of transporters, SLC2a10 (GLUT 10), localized on chromosome 20q13.1: a candidate gene for NIDDM susceptibility. Genomics 72, 113–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueckler, M (1994) Facilitative glucose transporters. European Journal of Biochemistry 219, 713–725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mueckler, M, Caruso, C, Baldwin, SA, Panico, M, Blench, I, Morris, HR, Allard, WJ, Lienhard, GE & Lodish, HF (1985) Sequence and structure of a human glucose transporter. Science 229, 941–945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phay, JE, Hussain, HB & Moley, JF (2000) Strategy for identification of novel glucose transporter family members by using internet-based genomic databases. Surgery 128, 946–951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rayner, DV, Thomas, ME & Trayhurn, P (1994) Glucose transporters (GLUTs 1–4) and their mRNAs in regions of the rat brain: insulin-sensitive transporter expression in the cerebellum. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, 476–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, S, Macheda, ML, Docherty, SE, Carty, MD, Henderson, MA, Soeller, WC, Gibbs, EM, James, DE & Best, JD (2002) Identification of a novel glucose transporter-like protein-GLUT-12. American Journal of Physiology 282, E733–E738.Google ScholarPubMed
Sasaki, T, Minoshima, S, Shiohama, A, Shintani, A, Shimizu, A, Asakawa, S, Kawasaki, K & Shimizu, N (2001) Molecular cloning of a member of the facilitative glucose transporter gene family GLUT 11 (SLC2A11) and identification of transcription variants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 289, 1218–1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, PR, Gibbs, EM, Wesslau, C, Gould, GW & Kahn, BB (1992) Human small intestine facilitative fructose/glucose transporter (GLUT5) is also present in insulin-responsive tissues and brain. Investigation of biochemical characteristics and translocation. Diabetes 41, 1360–1365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, PR & Kahn, BB (1999) Glucose transporters and insulin action – implications for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 341, 248–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stenbit, AE, Tsao, TS, Li, J, Burcelin, R, Geenen, DL, Factor, SM, Houseknecht, K, Katz, EB & Charron, MJ (1997) GLUT4 heterozygous knockout mice develop muscle insulin resistance and diabetes. Nature Medicine 3, 1096–1101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turk, E & Wright, EM (1997) Membrane topology motifs in the SGLT cotransporter family. Journal of Membrane Biology 159, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turk, E, Zabel, B, Mundlos, S, Dyer, J & Wright, EM (1991) Glucose galactose malabsorption caused by a defect In the Na+/glucose cotransporter. Nature 350, 354–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uldry, M, Ibberson, M, Horisberger, J-D, Chatton, J-Y, Riederer, BM & Thorens, B (2001) Identification of a mammalian H+-myo-inositol symporter expressed predominantly in the brain. EMBO Journal 20, 4467–4477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, RG, Pajor, AM, Kanai, Y, Turk, E, Wright, EM & Hediger, MA (1992) Cloning of a human kidney cDNA with similarity to the sodium-glucose cotransporter. American Journal of Physiology 263, F459–F465.Google Scholar
Wright, EM (2001) Renal Na+-glucose cotransporters. American Journal of Physiology 280, F10–F18.Google ScholarPubMed
Wu, X, Li, W, Sharma, V, Godzik, A & Freeze, HH (2002) Cloning and characterization of glucose transporter 11, a novel sugar transporter that is alternatively spliced in various tissues. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 76, 37–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zisman, A, Peroni, OD, Abel, ED, Michael, MD, Mauvais-Jarvis, F, Lowell, BB, Wojtaszewski, JF, Hirshman, MF, Virkamaki, A, Goodyear, LJ, Kahn, CR & Kahn, BB (2000) Targeted disruption of the glucose transporter 4 selectively in muscle causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Nature Medicine 6, 924–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed