Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:42:30.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Further studies on carry-over effects of dietary crude protein and triiodothyronine (T3) in broiler chickens*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

R. W. Rosebrough ,
J. P. McMurtry  and
R. Vasilatos-Younken
R. W. Rosebrough*
Affiliation:
Growth Biology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
J. P. McMurtry
Affiliation:
Growth Biology Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
R. Vasilatos-Younken
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
*
†Corresponding author:Dr R. W. Rosebrough, fax + 1 301 504 8623, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing either 120 or 210 g crude protein and 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet to study in vitro lipogenesis (IVL). In addition, a carry-over period (180 g crude protein/kg diet from 28 to 40 d of age) was used to test the persistence of prior treatment effects. The higher protein level increased, but T3 decreased (P < 0.01) growth and feed consumption at 28 d of age. The lower protein level increased (P < 0.05) and T3 decreased IVL in 28-d-old chickens. These effects were only sustained for 6 d following the switch to a common diet at 28 d. IVL at 40 d of age was not affected by either crude protein or T3 fed during the 7–28 d period. The higher protein level increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 during the period from 7 to 28 d; however, this effect lasted for only 6 d following the switch to a common diet. Plasma growth hormone (GH) at 28 d of age was inversely related to dietary protein level. Changing to a common level of crude protein did not change plasma GH values at 12 d, indicating that the nutritional state of the young chicken may affect GH at a later period of life. Metabolic changes noted in this study were rapid and maintained for a short period of time following the feeding of a common diet.

Lipogenesis: Dietary protein: Triiodothyronine

Keywords

LipogenesisDietary proteinTriiodothyronine
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 1 , January 1998 , pp. 89 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

Footnotes

*

Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment is not a guarantee or a warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply an approval to the exclusion of other products

References

Chiasson, RB, Sharp, PJ, Klandorf, H, Scanes, CG & Harvey, S (1979) The effect of rapeseed meal and methimazole on levels of plasma hormones in growing broiler cockerels. Poultry Science 58, 1575–1583.Google Scholar
Cleland, WW, Thompson, VM & Barden, RE (1969) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (TPN specific) from pig heart. In Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 13, pp. 30–33 [Lowenstein, JM, editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Clemons, DR, Seek, MM & Underwood, LE (1985 a) Supplemental essential amino acids augment the somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor response to refeeding after fasting. Metabolism 34, 391–395.Google Scholar
Clemons, DR, Underwood, LE, Dickerson, RN, Brown, RO, Hak, LJ, MacPhee, RD & Heizer, WD (1985 b) Use of plasma somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I measurements to monitor the response to nutritional repletion in malnourished patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cogburn, LA, Liou, SS, Alfonso, CP, McGuiness, MC & McMurtry, JP (1989) Dietary thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates growth rate and increases the insulin:glucagon molar ratio of broiler chickens. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 192, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Decuypere, E, Buyse, J, Scanes, CG, Huybrechts, L & Kuhn, ER (1987) Effects of hyper- or hypothyroid status on growth, adiposity and levels of growth hormone, somatomedin C and thyroid metabolism in broiler chickens. Reproduction, Nutrition and Development 27(B), 555–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donaldson, WE (1985) Lipogenesis and body fat in chicks: effects of calorie:protein ratios and dietary fat. Poultry Science 64, 1199–1204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J, Lees, M & Sloane-Stanley, GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanks, JH & Wallace, RE (1949) Relation of oxygen and temperature in the preservation of tissues by refrigeration. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 71, 196–200.Google Scholar
Harvey, S (1983) Thyroid hormones inhibit growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) Journal of Endocrinology 98, 129–135.Google Scholar
Hsu, RY & Lardy, HA (1969) Malic enzyme. In Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 13, pp. 230–235 [Lowenstein, JM, editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Isley, WL, Underwood, LE & Clemons, DR (1984) Changes in plasma somatomedin-C in response to ingestion of diets with variable protein and energy content. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 8, 407–411.Google Scholar
Leung, FC, Taylor, JE & Vanderstine, A (1984 a) Effects of dietary thyroid hormones on growth, serum T3, T4 and growth hormone in sex-linked dwarf chickens. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 177, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, FC, Taylor, JE & Vanderstine, A (1984 b) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates body weight gain and increases thyroid hormones and growth hormone in plasma of cockerels. Endocrinology 115, 736–740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, FC, Taylor, JE & Vanderstine, A (1985) Effects of dietary thyroid hormones on growth, plasma T3, T4 and growth hormone in normal and hypothyroid chickens. General and Comparative Endocrinology 59, 91–99.Google Scholar
McMurtry, JP, Francis, GL, Upton, FZ, Rosselot, G & Brocht, DM (1994) Developmental changes in chicken and turkey insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) studied with a homologous radioimmunoassay for chicken IGF-I. Journal of Endocrinology 142, 225–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, RJ & Herbein, JH (1976) A comparison of the enzyme levels and in vitro utilization of various substrates for lipogenesis in pair-fed lean and obese pigs. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 151, 231–235.Google Scholar
Remington, RD & Schork, MA (1970) Statistics with Applications to the Biological and Health Sciences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Rosebrough, RW, McMurtry, JP, Mitchell, AD & Steele, NC (1988) Protein and energy restrictions in the broiler chicken. 6. Effect of dietary protein and energy restrictions on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and metabolic hormone profiles. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (B) 90, 311–316.Google Scholar
Rosebrough, RW, McMurtry, JP & Vasilatos-Younken, R (1992) Lipid metabolism in liver explants from hyperthyroid chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 667–676.Google Scholar
Rosebrough, RW, Mitchell, AD & McMurtry, JP (1996) Carry over effects of dietary crude protein and triiodothyronine (T3) in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 573–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosebrough, RW & Steele, NC (1985) Energy and protein relations in the broiler. 1. Effect of protein levels and feeding regimes on growth, body composition and in vitro lipogenesis in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 64, 119–126.Google Scholar
Rosebrough, RW & Steele, NC (1987) Methods to assess glucose and lipid metabolism in avian liver explants. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 88A, 1041–1049.Google Scholar
Tomas, FM, Pym, RA & Johnson, RJ (1991) Muscle protein turnover in chickens selected for increased growth rate, food consumption or efficiency of food utilisation: effects of genotype and relationship to plasma IGF-I and growth hormone. British Poultry Science 32, 363–376.Google Scholar
Valcavi, R, Dieguez, C, Preece, M & Taylor, A (1987) Effect of thyroxine replacement therapy on plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels and growth hormone responses to growth hormone releasing factor in hypothyroid patients. Clinical Endocrinology 27, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasilatos-Younken, R (1986) Preparation and culture of dispersed avian pituitary cells, and age-related changes in pituitary weight and growth hormone content. General and Comparative Endocrinology 64, 99–106.Google Scholar
Yamashita, S, Weiss, M & Melmed, S (1986) Insulin like-growth factor I regulates growth hormone secretion levels and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in humor pituitary tumor cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 63, 730–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, H, Cree, TC & Schalch, DS (1987) Effect of a carbohydrate-restricted, calorie-restricted diet on the growth of young rats and on serum growth hormone, somatomedins, total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, free T4 index and corticosterone. Metabolism 26, 794–798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar