Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:11:42.793Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

5. The inhibitory effect of hypertonicity in the rumen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Richard R. Carter  and
W. Larry Grovum
Richard R. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WI, Canada
W. Larry Grovum
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WI, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The site where osmotically active substances act to depress food intake was determined in sheep. After 5 × 5 h of food deprivation, solutions of sodium chloride or polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200) were added to either the reticulo-rumen or the abomasum. The sheep were then immediately offered pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa). Water was withheld during the first 60 min of feeding but was available from 60 to 90 min. There was a linear inhibition in food intake in the first 10 min after loading 2.37, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 or 50.0g NaCI into the rumen according to a 5.5 Latin square design (P = 0.0001). The intake reduction was 3.49 g food/g NaCI. An osmotic load of PEG-200 equivalent to 50 g NaCI also significantly inhibited food intake in the first 10 min of the meal compared with a control treatment. The inhibition of food intake after loading 55 g NaCI into the rumen was not affected by injecting lidocaine hydrochloride into the reticulum immediately before NaCI loading. NaCI injected into the abomasum did not significantly affect food intake in the first 10 min of feeding even though the tonicity of abomasal digesta was increased to unphysiological levels. There was no consistent relationship between food intake and the change in the tonicity of jugular plasma following solute loading and drinking. The sensing site of hypertonicity was localized to the wall of the reticulo-rumen where neuronal receptors appear to be capable of detecting osmotic pressure within the physiological range to depress food intake. These receptors should be identified and characterized because of their possible significance in limiting food intake by ruminants.

Keywords

OsmolalityFood intakeSheep
Type
Food Intake Control
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , July 1990 , pp. 285 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

References

Adachi, A., Niijima, A. & Jacobs, H. L. (1976). An hepatic osmoreceptor mechanism in the rat: electrophysiological and behavioral studies. American Journal of Physiology 231, 1043–1049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrews, W. H. H. & Orbach, J. (1974). Sodium receptors activating some nerves of perfused rabbit livers. American Journal of Physiology 227, 1273–1275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrews, W. H. H. & Orbach, J. (1975). Effect of osmotic pressure on spontaneous afferent discharge in the nerves of the perfused rabbit liver. Pflügers Archives 361, 89–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergen, W. G. (1972). Rumen osmolality as a factor in feed intake control in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 34, 1054–1060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blow, A. M. J., Botham, G. M., Fisher, D., Goodall, A. H., Tilcock, C. P. S. & Lucy, J. A. (1978). Water and calcium ions in cell fusion induced by polyethylene glycol. Federation of European Biological Societies Letters 94, 305–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, D. H. & Titchen, D. A. (1978). Post prandial changes in parotid salivary secretion and plasma osmolality and the effects of intravenous infusions of saline solutions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 63, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cochran, W. G. & Cox, G. M. (1957). Experimental Designs, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
de Jong, A., Steffens, A. B. & de Ruiter, L. (1981). Effects of portal volatile fatty acid infusions on meal patterns and blood composition in goats. Physiology and Behaviour 27, 683–689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faichney, G. J. & Boston, R. C. (1985). Movement of water within the body of sheep fed at maintenance under thermoneutral conditions. Australian Journal of Biological Science 38, 85–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gill, M., Thiago, L. R. S. & Buchanan-Smith, J. G. (1987). Intake problems associated with ensiled forages. In Symposium Proceedings: Feed Intake by Cattle, pp. 341–352 [Owens, F. N., editor]. Stillwater: Oklahoma State University.Google Scholar
Goodman, L. S. & Gilman, A. G. (1985). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 7th ed., p. 310 [Gilman, A. G., Goodman, L. S., Rall, T. W. and Murad, F., editors]. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Grovum, W. L. (1981). Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep. 3. The effect of intravenous infusions of gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin on motility of the reticulo-rumen and intake. British Journal of Nutrition 45, 183–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grovum, W. L. (1988 a). Inserting a rumen cannula in sheep to minimize leakage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 561–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grovum, W. L. (1988 b). Appetite, palatability and control of food intake. In The Ruminant Animal, pp. 202–216 [Church, D. C., editor]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Grovum, W. L. & Chapman, H. W. (1982). Studies on the palatability of salt and urea in sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 41, 73A.Google Scholar
Harding, R. & Leek, B. F. (1972). Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors in the reticulo-rumen which also respond to chemicals. Journal of Physiology 223, 32P–33P.Google ScholarPubMed
Harding, R. & Leek, B. F. (1973). Central projections of gastric afferent vagal inputs. Journal of Physiology 228, 73–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hecker, J. F. (1974). Experimental Surgery on Small Ruminants. London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Kato, S., Sasaki, Y. & Tsuda, T. (1979). Food intake and rumen osmolality in sheep. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 10, 229–230.Google ScholarPubMed
Lautt, W. W. (1980). Hepatic nerves: a review of their functions and effects. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 58, 105–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leek, B. F. (1972). The innervation of sheep forestomach papillae from which combined chemoreceptor and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor responses are obtainable. Journal of Physiology 227, 22P–23P.Google ScholarPubMed
Niijima, A. (1969). Afferent discharge from osmoreceptors in the liver of the guinea pig. Science 166, 1519–1520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ormrod, D. P., Hale, J. C. & Allen, O. B. (1986). Joint action of particulate fall-out nickel and rooting medium nickel on soybean plants. Environmental Pollution, Series A, 41, 277–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillip, L. E., Buchanan-Smith, J. C. & Grovum, W. L. (1981). Food intake and ruminal osmolality in sheep: differentiation of the effect of osmolality from that of the products of maize silage fermentation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 96, 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiller, L. R., Emmett, M., Santa Ana, C. A. & Fordtran, J. S. (1988). Osmotic effects of polyethylene glycol. Gastroenterology 94, 933–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ternouth, J. H. & Beattie, A. W. (1971). Studies of the food intake of sheep at a single meal. British Journal of Nutrition 25, 153–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Engelhardt, W. & Hauffe, R. (1975). Role of the omasum in absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes in sheep and goats. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 216–230 [McDonald, I. W. and Warner, A. C. I., editors]. Armidale: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Warner, A. C. I. & Stacy, B. D. (1968). The fate of water in the rumen. 2. Water balances throughout the feeding cycle in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 22, 389–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar