Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-01T09:58:19.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of structural and non-structural polysaccharides in the diet of the growing pig on gastric emptying rate and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and through the total gastrointestinal tract

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Z. V. Potkins
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool, Departments of Animal HusbandryVeterinary Field Station, Neston, South Wirral L64 7TE
T. L. J. Lawrence
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool, Departments of Animal HusbandryVeterinary Field Station, Neston, South Wirral L64 7TE
J. R. Thomlinson
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool, Departments of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Field Station, Neston, South Wirral L64 7TE
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Six experiments were made in growing pigs to investigate the effects of substituting bran, oatmeal byproduct, pectin and guar gum for barley on gastric emptying rate, pH and dry matter of digesta and on the dry matter content and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and overall. Twelve pigs with cannulas sited at the pyloric/fundic junction of the stomach were used to measure gastric emptying. Seventy-two pigs were kept in metabolism cages for the total collection of faeces and nine pigs were fitted with simple cannulas 150 mm cranial to the ileo-caecal junction. For the overall transit measurements the barley was ground through a 4.68 mm screen (C) and for the other studies either through this screen or a 1.56 mm screen (F). Gastric emptying rates were significantly faster for F diets than for C diets, but bran and oatmeal by-product substitutions were without significant effect on this variable or on rate of passage to the terminal ileum. Guar gum and pectin significantly speeded up gastric emptying and transit to the terminal ileum in C diets. Guar gum and pectin did not significantly affect overall transit time, but bran accelerated it. The results are discussed in relation to the depressive effects on nutrient utilization which have been recorded for the four polysaccharides: it is postulated that gastric emptying rate and transit time to the terminal ileum are likely to have a minimal effect on overall transit time.

Type
Effects of Non-Starch Polysaccharides
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1991

References

REFERENCES

Abel, M. & Buck, W. B. (1967). A technique for gastric cannulation of swine. Cornell Veterinarian 57, 383389.Google Scholar
Argenzio, R. A. & Southworth, M. (1975). Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig. American Journal of Physiology 228, 454460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, R. W., Chesson, A. & Monro, J. (1978). Plant cell wall fractionation and structural analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, S77–S81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canguilhem, R. & Labie, C. (1977). Variations de la durée du transit intestinal chez le pore selon la teneur de la ration en cellulose. (Variation in intestinal transit time in pigs according to the fibre content of the diet.) Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 128, 16691681.Google Scholar
Castle, E. J. & Castle, M. E. (1956). The rate of passage of food through the alimentary tract of pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 47, 196203.Google Scholar
Castle, E. J. & Castle, M. E. (1957). Further studies on the rate of passage of food through the alimentary tract of pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 49, 106112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christian, K. R. & Coup, M. R. (1954). Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. VI. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology A. 36, 328330.Google Scholar
Den Hartog, L. A., Boon, A. J., Huisman, J., Van Leeuwen, P. & Van Weerden, E. J. (1985). The effect of crude fibre content on the digestibility and the rate of passage in the small and large intestine of pigs. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Digestive Physiology in the Pig, pp. 199202 [Just, A.Jørgensen, H. and Fernandez, J. A., editors]. Copenhagen: National Institute of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Diereck, N., Vervaeke, I., Decuypere, J. & Hendrickx, H. K. (1983). Influence de la nature et du niveau des fibres brutes sur la digestibilité iléale et fécale apparente de la matière seche, des protéines et des acides amines et sur la retention azotée chez les porcs. (Effect of nature and level of crude fibre on apparent ileal and faecal digestibility of dry matter, protein and amino acids and on nitrogen retention in pigs.) Reviews Agriculture 36, 16911712.Google Scholar
Fioramonti, J. & Bueno, L. (1980). Major activity in the large intestine of the pig related to dietary fibre and retention time. British Journal of Nutrition 43, 155162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, D. W., Cunningham, H. M. & Nicholson, J. W. G. (1963). The production of organic acids in the pig. 11. The effect of diet on the levels of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in sections of the alimentary tract. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 43, 156168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gohl, B., Alden, S., Elwinger, K. & Thomke, S. (1978). Influence of B glucanase on feeding value of barley for poultry and moisture content of excreta. British Poultry Science 19, 4147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gohl, B. & Gohl, I. (1977). The effect of viscous substances on the transit time of barley digesta in rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28, 911915.Google Scholar
Just, A., Jørgensen, H. & Fernandez, J. A. (1984). Prediction of metabolizable energy for pigs on the basis of crude nutrients in the feeds. Livestock Production Science 11, 105128.Google Scholar
Kass, M. L., Van Soest, P. J. & Pond, W. G. (1980 a). Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. 11. Volatile fatty acid concentrations in and disappearance from the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Animal Science 50, 192197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kass, M. L., Van Soest, P. J., Pond, W. G., Lewis, B. & McDowell, R. E. (1980 b). Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. I. Apparent digestibility of diet components in specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Animal Science 50, 175191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kertesz, Z. I. (1940). Pectic enzymes. V. The fate of pectins in the animal body. Journal of Nutrition 20, 289296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keys, J. E. & DeBarthe, J. V. (1974 a). Cellulose and hemicellulose digestibility in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine of swine. Journal of Animal Science 39, 5356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keys, J. E. & DeBarthe, J. V. (1974 b). Site and extent of carbohydrate, dry matter, energy and protein digestion and the rate of passage of grain diets in swine. Journal of Animal Science 39, 5762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirwan, W. O., Smith, A. N., McConnell, A. A., Mitchell, W. D. & Eastwood, M. A. (1974). Action of different bran preparations on colonic function. British Medical Journal 4, 187189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuan, K. K., Stanogias, G. & Dunkin, A. C. (1983). The effect of proportion of cell-wall material from lucerne leaf meal on apparent digestibility, rate of passage and gut characteristic in pigs. Animal Production 36, 201209.Google Scholar
Laplace, J. P. (1981). The transit of digesta in different parts of the digestive tract of the pig. In Nutrition in Health and Disease and International Developments, pp. 847872 [Harper, A. E. and Davis, G. K. editors]. New York: Alan Liss.Google Scholar
Laplace, J. P. & Tomassone, R. (1970). Évacuation gastro-duodenale chez le porc. Fistulation chronique par voie thoracique extra-pleurale: recherche d'une technique d'analyse mathématique de l'évacuation. (Gastro- duodenal emptying in the pig. Chronic fistulation through extra pleural thoracic pathway: study of a technique for mathematical analysis of emptying.) Annales de zootechnie 19, 303332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latymer, E. A., Low, A. G. & Woodley, S. C. (1985). The effect of dietary fibre on the rate of passage through different sections of the gut in pigs. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Digestive Physiology in the Pig, pp 215218 [Just, A.Jørgensen, H. and Fernandez, J. A., editors]. Copenhagen: National Institute of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1970 a). Some effects of including differently processed barley in the diet of the growing pig. 1. Growth rate, food conversion efficiency, digestibility and rate of passage through the gut. Animal Production 12, 139150.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1970 b). Some effects of including differently processed barley in the diet of the growing pig. 2. In vivo gastric pH changes. Animal Production 12, 151163.Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1972). The effect of certain dietary factors on in vivo pH changes and pepsin activity in the stomach of the growing pig. British Veterinary Journal 128, 402411.Google Scholar
Low, A. G., Zebrowska, T., Heppell, L. M. J. & Smith, H. A. (1986). Influence of wheat bran, cellulose, pectin and low or high viscosity guar gum on glucose and water absorption from pig jejunum. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 55A.Google Scholar
Maxson, D. W., Stanley, G. R., Perry, T. W., Pickett, R. A. & Curtin, T. M. (1968). Influence of various ratios of raw and gelatinized corn, oats, oat components and sand on the incidence of esophogogastric lesions in swine. Journal of Animal Science 27, 10061010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, C. V., Reese, N. A., Muggenburg, B. A., Reimann, E. M., Kowalyczyk, T., Grummer, R. H. & Hoekstra, W. G. (1967). Effect of oat hulls and other oat fractions on the development of gastric ulcers in swine. Journal of Animal Science 26, 13121318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxwell, C. V., Reimann, E. M., Hoekstra, W. G., Kowalyczyk, T., Benevenga, N. J. & Grummer, R. H. (1970). Effect of dietary particle size on lesion development and on the contents of various regions of the swine stomach. Journal of Animal Science 30, 911922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxwell, C. V., Reimann, E. M., Hoekstra, W. G., Kowalyczyk, T., Benevenga, N. J. & Grummer, R. H. (1972). Use of tritiated water to assess, in vivo, the effect of dietary particle size on the mixing of stomach contents of swine. Journal of Animal Science 34, 212216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, A. G., Fuller, M. F. & Pirie, A. R. (1977). The effect of fibre in the form of various polysaccharides on the apparent digestibility of protein in the pig. Animal Production 24, 139.Google Scholar
Rainbird, A. L. (1986). Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying of test meals of varying energy content in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 99109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, A. L. & Low, A. G. (1986 a). Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 111121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, A. L. & Low, A. G. (1986 b). Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 8798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, A. L., Low, A. G. & Zebrowska, T. (1984). Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loops of jejunum of growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 489498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, A. L. & Sissons, J. W. (1985). Effect of gastric cannulation on gastrointestinal motility in the pig. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Digestive Physiology in the Pig, pp. 6971 [Just, A.Jørgensen, A. and Fernandez, J., editors]. Copenhagen: National Institute of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Rowan, T. G. (1983). Studies on the utilization of low glucosinolate rapeseed meals in the growing pig. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool.Google Scholar
Simonsson, A. & Björklund, N. -E. (1977). Effects of Grist Size of Barley on Performance and Incidence of Oesophagogastric Lesions in Growing Pigs, p. 20. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitat.Google Scholar
Stephen, A. M. & Cummings, J. H. (1979). Water-holding by dietary fibre in vitro and its relationship to faecal output in man. Gut 20, 722729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed