Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T11:27:43.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of high- and low-fat meals on the diurnal response of plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in healthy middle-aged volunteers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

D. L. Frape ,
N. R. Williams ,
A. J. Scriven ,
C. R. Palmer ,
Kathryn O'sullivan  and
R. J. Fletcher
D. L. Frape
Affiliation:
N. S. Research, The Priory, Mildenhall, Suffolk IP28 7EE
N. R. Williams
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambs CB3 8RE
A. J. Scriven
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambs CB3 8RE
C. R. Palmer
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR
Kathryn O'sullivan
Affiliation:
The Kellogg Company of Great Britain Ltd, The Kellogg Building, Talbot Rd, Manchester MI6 0PU
R. J. Fletcher
Affiliation:
The Kellogg Company of Great Britain Ltd, The Kellogg Building, Talbot Rd, Manchester MI6 0PU
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Three experiments were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers (six males and six females in Expt 1, six males and two females in Expt 2 and twelve males in Expt 3) with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 to determine whether there is a difference between morning and afternoon dietary fat clearance and utilization, and to determine in what way the fat and starch contents of the meal influence postprandial blood lipid metabolites over 4·5 h. Over 4 days in Expt 1 each subject received isoenergetic, high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a high fat lunch (NM) in a randomized and balanced arrangement. Each evening a standard meal was given. The following effects were significant (P<0·05): plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses were greater following M meals; plasma TAG concentrations were greater in the afternoon than in the morning, following two meals of the same composition, although the postprandial incremental response was less following lunch than following breakfast and peak responses were reached much earlier than after breakfast; a low-fat breakfast, or fasting at breakfast time, delayed the peak TAG response to a M lunch. The plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and of free glycerol were higher in the afternoon following M meals at breakfast and lunch, especially in males. This response was reduced, by the L breakfast preceding the M lunch. Two M meals in succession lowered plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. In Expt 2 each subject received a very low-fat (VL) breakfast, followed by a lunch of the same composition. Each of these meals was followed, 110 min from the start of eating, by an infusion of Intralipid 10% emulsion at the rate of 1 ml/kg body weight over 60 s. Clearance rates of Intralipid were faster in the afternoon than in the morning (P= 0·024). In Expt 3 twelve subjects were randomly allocated to either treatment MM or LM meal patterns, as given in Expt 1. These were given daily for a period of 17 d, during which the change in fasting plasma TAG concentration was similar in both treatments. On days 1, 16 and 17 responses were measured to the M lunch and to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), conducted 2 h 17 min after lunch. The post-lunch responses confirmed those found in Expt 1; but immediately following the glucose dose there was an abrupt increase in plasma TAG that was greater in treatment LM than in treatment MM (P= 0·025), whereas plasma NEFA concentration decreased rapidly in both treatments at that time (P = 0·00066)

Keywords

Dietary fatDietary carbohydrateTriacylglycerolsNon-esterified fatty acids
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , March 1997 , pp. 375 - 390
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Baggio, G., Fellin, R., Baiocchi, M. R., Martini, S., Baldo, G., Manzato, E. & Crepaldi, G. (1980). Relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (chylomicrons and VLDL) and HDL2 and HDL3in the post-prandial phase in humans. Atherosclerosis 37, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbagallo, C. M., Averna, M. R., Amato, S., Davi, G., Pagano, D., Noto, D. & Notarbartolo, A. (1991). Lipid and apoprotein behaviour after an oral fat load in hypertriglyceridaemia. Diabetes Metabolism 17, 512–519.Google ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y.-D. I., Coulston, A. N., Zhou, M.-Y., Hollenbeck, C. B. & Reaven, G. M. (1995). Why do low-fat high-carbohydrate diets accentuate postprandial lipaemia in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 18, 10–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y.-D. I., Swami, S., Skowronski, R., Coulston, A. & Reaven, G. M. (1993). Differences in postprandial lipemia between patients with normal glucose tolerance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 76, 172–177.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. C. & Berger, G. M. (1990). Effects of glucose ingestion on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride clearance in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 31, 597–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohn, J. E., McNamara, J. R., Cohn, S. D., Ordovas, J. M. & Schaefer, E. J. (1988). Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages. Journal of Lipid Research 29, 469–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fielding, B. A., Callow, J., Owen, R. M., Samra, J. S., Matthews, D. R. & Frayn, K. N. (1996). Postprandial lipemia: the origin of an early peak studied by specific dietary fatty acid intake during sequential meals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 36–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frape, D. L. & Jones, A. M. (1995). Chronic and postprandial responses of plasma insulin, glucose and lipids in volunteers given dietary fibre supplements. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 733–751.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frape, D. L., Williams, N. R., Pickersgill, J., Murrills, R., Palmer, C. & Fletcher, R. J. (1994). The postprandial response to high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate meals providing the same amounts of energy in subjects at risk of heart disease. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 221A.Google Scholar
Fraser, G. E. (1994). Diet and coronary heart disease: beyond dietary fats and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, Suppl., 1117S–1123S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frayn, K. N. (1993). Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Current Opinion in Lipidology 4, 197–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayn, K. N. & Kingman, S. M. (1995). Dietary sugars and lipid metabolism in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, Suppl., 250S–263S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frayn, K. N., Shadid, S., Hamlani, R., Humphreys, S. M., Clark, M. L., Fielding, B. A., Boland, O. & Coppack, S. W. (1994). Regulation of fatty acid movement in human adipose tissue in the postabsorptive-to-postprandial transition. American Journal of Physiology 266, E308–E317.Google ScholarPubMed
Garg, A., Bantle, J. P., Henry, R. R., Coulston, A. M., Griver, K. A., Raatz, S. K., Brinkley, L., Chen, Y.-D. I., Grundy, S. M., Huet, B. A. & Reaven, G. M. (1994). Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association 271, 1421–1428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garg, A., Bonanome, A., Grundy, S. M., Zhang, Z.-J. & Unger, R. H. (1988). Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 319, 829–834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, A. J., Humphreys, S. M., Clark, M. L., Fielding, B. A. & Frayn, K. N. (1994). Immediate metabolic availability of dietary fat in combination with carbohydrate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 53–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grundy, S. M. (1989). Monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol metabolism: implications for dietary recommendations. Journal of Nutrition 119, 529–533CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kashyap, M. L., Barnhart, R. L., Srivastava, L. S., Perisutti, G., Allen, C., Hogg, E., Glueck, C. J. & Jackson, R. L. (1983). Alimentary lipemia: plasma high density lipoproteins and apolipoproteins CII and CIII in healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 233–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamon-Fava, S., Jenner, J. L., Jacques, P. F. & Schaefer, E. J. (1994). Effects of dietary intakes on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in free-living elderly men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 32–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindén, T., Bondjers, G., Karlsson, T. & Wiklund, O. (1994). Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol - major predictors of long-term survival after coronary surgery. European Heart Journal 15, 747–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lui, G. C., Coulston, A. M. & Reaven, G. M. (1983). Effect of high-carbohydrate-low-fat diets on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid responses in hypertriglyceridemic humans. Metabolism 32, 750–753.Google Scholar
Mann, J. I. & Truswell, A. S. (1972). Effects of isocaloric exchange of dietary sucrose and starch on fasting serum lipids, postprandial insulin secretion and alimentary lipaemia in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 27, 395–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miettinen, T. A. (1987). Dietary fibre and lipids. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 1237–1242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neary, R., Bhatnager, D., Durrington, P., Ishola, M., Arrol, S. & Mackness, M. (1991). An investigation of the role of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the metabolism of pre-beta high density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 89, 35–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randle, P. J., Garland, P. B., Hales, C. N. & Newsholme, E. A. (1963). The glucose fatty-acid cycle. Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1, 785–789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidery, M. B., Gallen, I. W. & Macdonald, I. A. (1990). The initial physiological responses to glucose ingestion in normal subjects are modified by a 3 d high-fat diet. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 705–713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, U. (1994). Carbohydrates, fat, and insulin action. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, Suppl., 686S–689S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svedberg, J., Björntorp, P., Lönnroth, P. & Smith, U. (1991). Prevention of inhibitory effect of free fatty acids on insulin binding and action in isolated rat hepatocytes by Etomoxir. Diabetes 40, 783–786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svedberg, J., Björntorp, P., Smith, U. & Lönnroth, P. (1990). Free-fatty acid inhibition of insulin binding, degradation, and action in isolated rat hepatocytes. Diabetes 39, 570–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Syvänne, M., Vuorinen-Markkola, H., Hilden, H. & Taskinen, M.-R. (1993). GeMibrozil reduces postprandial lipemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13, 286–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Truswell, A. S. (1994). Food carbohydrates and plasma lipids - an update. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59 Suppl., 710S–718S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Amelsvoort, J. M. M., Van Stratum, P., Kraal, J. H., Lussenburg, R. N. & Houtsmuller, U. M. T. (1989). Effects of varying the carbohydrate: fat ratio in a hot lunch on postprandial variables in male volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 267–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zampelas, A., Williams, C. M., Morgan, L. M., Wright, J. & Quinlan, P. T. (1994). The effect of triacylglycerol fatty acid positional distribution on postprandial plasma metabolite and hormone responses in normal adult men. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 401–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed