Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:44:49.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of different supplements on splanchnic oxygen consumption and net fluxes of nutrients in sheep consuming bromegrass (Bromus inermis) hay ad libitum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2007

A. L. Goestsch ,
C. L. Ferrell  and
H. C. Freetly
A. L. Goestsch
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
C. L. Ferrell
Affiliation:
Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
H. C. Freetly
Affiliation:
Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Fifteen sheep (53 kg), with catheters in a hepatic vein, the portal vein and a mesenteric vein and artery, were offered a bromegrass (Bromus inermis) hay (104 g crude protein (CP), 700 g neutral-detergent fibre and 65 g acid-detergent lignin/kg dry matter (DM)) ad lib. with different supplements to determine the effects on net flux of oxygen and nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver. The sheep were unsupplemented (Control) or received 5 g DM/kg body weight (BW) of ground maize (M), 7 g DM/kg BW of soya-bean hulls (H) or 0.73 g DM/kg BW of a mix of feedstuffs high in rumen-undegradable protein (P). Apparent digestible energy (DE) intakes were 5·3, 10·4, 10·6 and 6·7 (SE 0·74) MJ/d and apparent digestible CP intakes were 37, 50, 79 and 68 (SE 4·3) g/d for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Splanchnic tissue oxygen consumption rates were 0·23, 0·32, 0·30 and 0·27 (SE 0·054) mol/h, and oxidative metabolism accounted for 0·46, 0·31, 0·33 and 0·47 (SE 0·051) of DE intakes for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Supplements increased (P 0·05) release of α-amino nitrogen (AAN) by the PDV (4·2, 17·5, 19·6 and 18·1 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Splanchnic net flux of AAN was not affected by supplement treatments. Hepatic release of urea-N was increased (P 0·05) by supplement treatments (27, 40, 46 and 44 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P respectively); the P treatment increased (P 0·05) and the H treatment tended (P = 0·10) to increase splanchnic release of urea-N (7, 10, 20 and 27 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Net flux of glucose across the PDV was -4·6, 1·4, -5·6 and -7·2 (SE 1·65) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Hepatic glucose released averaged 23 (SE 2·0) mmol/h and was not affected by treatment. Treatments M and H increased (P 0·05) PDV release of propionate compared with the Control treatment (4·5, 15·5, 16·8 and 7·7 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Release of acetate by the PDV was 43, 97, 118 and 67 (SE 23·9) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. In summary, different supplements of low-quality grass did not increase the efficiency of N metabolism by splanchnic tissues. Treatment P had little effect on net flux across splanchnic tissues of glucose, L-lactate. β-hydroxybutyrate and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Overall, treatments M and H had similar effects on splanchnic net fluxes of VFA and L-lactate whereas butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate releases by the PDV were increased by treatment M.

Keywords

Bromus inermisSplanchnic metabolismForageDietary supplement
Type
Effects of dietary supplements on metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 5 , November 1994 , pp. 701 - 712
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Association of official Analytical Chemists (1984) Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Baird, G. D., Lomax, M. A., Symonds, H. W. & Shaw, S. R. (1980) Net hepatic and splanchnic metabolism of lactate, pyruvate and propionate in dairy cows in vivo in relation to lactation and nutrient supply. Biochemical Journal 186, 47–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergman, E. N. (1990) Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiological Reviews 70, 567–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergman, E. N. & Pell, J. M. (1984) Integration of amino acid metabolism in the ruminant. In Herbivore Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics, pp. 613–428 [Gilchrist, F.M. C. and Mackie, R. I., editors]. Craighall, South Africa: The Science Press.Google Scholar
Burrin, D. G., Ferrell, C. L., Eisemann, J. H. & Britton, R. A. (1991) Level of nutrition and splanchnic metabolite flux in young lambs. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1082–1091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chase, C. C. & Hibberd, C. A. (1987) Utilization of low-quality native grass hay by beef cows fed increasing quantities of corn grain. Journal of Animal Science 65, 557–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demign´, C., Yacoub, C., Morand, C. & Rémésy, C. (1991) Interactions between propionate and amino acid metabolism in isolated sheep hepatocytes. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 301–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisemann, J. H. & Nienaber, J. A. (1990) Tissue and whole-body oxygen uptake in fed and fasted steers. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 39—411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliot, J. M. (1980) Propionate metabolism and vitamin B12. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 485–503 [Ruckebusch, Y. and Thivend, P., editors]. Westport, CT: AVI Publishing Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrell, C. L., Britton, R. A. & Freetly, H. C. (1992) Chronic catheterization of hepatic and portal veins of sheep. In Handbook of Methodr for Study of Reproductive Physiology in Domestic Animals, Section VIII A & F. [Dziuk, P and Wheeler, M., editors]. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Ferrell, C. L., Koong, L. J. & Nienaber, J. A. (1986) Effect of previous nutrition on body composition and maintenance energy costs of growing lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 595–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galloway, D. L. Sr, Goetsch, A. L., Forster, L. A. Jr, Patil, A. R., Sun, W. & Johnson, Z. B. (1993) Feed intake and digestibility by cattle consuming bermudagrass or orchardgrass hay supplemented with soybean hulls and(or) corn. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3087–3095.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970) Forage Fiber Analyses. Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications. Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: ARS, USDA.Google Scholar
Grigsby, K. N., Kerley, M. S., Paterson, J. A. & Weigel, J. C. (1993) Combinations of starch and digestible fiber in supplements for steers consuming a low-quality bromegrass hay diet. Journal of Animal Science 71, 1057–1064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, K. L., Harmon, D. L., Minton, J. E. & Avery, T. B. (1990) Effects of isoenergetic infusions of propionate and glucose on portal-drained visceral nutrient flux and concentrations of hormones in lambs maintained by total intragastric infusion. Journal of Animal Science 68, 2566–2574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, K. L., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Forster, L. A. Jr & Brake, A. C. (1990) Effects of a fat and ground maize supplement on feed intake and digestion by cattle consuming bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Animal Feed Science and Technology 30, 275–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmon, D. L., Gross, K. L., Kreikemeier, K. K., Coffey, K. P., Avery, T. B. & Klindt, J. (1991) Effects of feeding endophyt-einfected fescue hay on portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1223–1231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmon, D. L., Kreikemeier, K. K. & Gross, K. L. (1993) Influence of addition of monensin to an alfalfa hay diet on net portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. Journal of Animal Science 71, 218–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Highfill, B. D., Boggs, D. L., Amos, H. E. & Crickman, J. G. (1987) Effects of high fiber energy supplements on fermentation characteristics and in vivo and in situ digestibiltieses of low quality fescue hay. Journal of Animal Science 65, 224–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, G. B. & Reynolds, C. P. (1987) Oxygen consumption and metabolite flux of bovine portal-drained viscera and liver. Journal of Nutrition 117, 1167–1172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janes, A. N., Weekes, T. E. C. & Armstrong, D. G. (1985 a) Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 449–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janes, A. N., Weekes, T. E. C. & Armstrong, D. G. (1985 b) Insulin and glucose metabolism in sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 459–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, D. E., Johnson, K. A. & Baldwin, R. L. (1990) Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 120, 649–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landis, K. M., Goetsch, A. L., Forster, L. A. Jr & Brake, A. C. (1989) Sites of digestion in beef steers fed bermudagrass hay and supplemented with high-nitrogen feeds alone or with tallow. Archives of Animal Nutrition 40, 387–401.Google Scholar
Lindsay, D. B. (1993) Making the sums add up - the importance of quantification in nutrition. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 479–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, S. K. & Hibberd, C. A. (1990) Intake and digestibility of low-quality native grass hay by beef cows supplemented with graded levels of soybean hulls. Journal of Animal Science 68, 4319–4325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCollum, F. T. & Horn, G. W. (1990) Protein supplementation of grazing livestock: a review. Professional Animal Scientist 6, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J. A. (1972) On the calculation of heat production from open-circuit calorimetric measurements. British Journal of Nutrition 27, 597–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mineo, H., Yasuda, T., Akiyama, M., Oyamada, T., Kato, S. & Ushijima, J. (1991) Effect of feeding on hepatic and portal blood flow in sheep. Small Ruminant Research 5, 181–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 6th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Reynolds, C. K., Huntington, G. B., Tyrrell, H. F. & Reynolds, P. J. (1988) Net metabolism of volatile fatty acids, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, and blood gases by portal-drained viscera and liver of lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 2395–2405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems (1985) SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.Google Scholar
van derWalt, J. G. Walt, J. G. (1993) Nitrogen metabolism of the ruminant liver. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 381–403.Google Scholar
Webb, K. E. Jr & Bergman, E. N. (1991) Amino acid and peptide absorption and transport across the intestine. In Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 111–128 [Tsuda, T., Sasaki, Y. and Kawashima, R., editors]. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weekes, T. E. C. (1991) Hormonal control of metabolism. In Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 183–200 [Tsuda, T., Sasaki, Y and Kawashima, R., editors]. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, D. H. & Mellanby, J. (1974) D-(β)-3-Hydroxybutyrate. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol. 4, pp. 1836–1839 [Bergmeyer, H. editor]. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yen, J. T., Nienaber, J. A., Hill, D. A. & Pond, W. G. (1991) Potential contribution of absorbed volatile fatty acids to whole-animal energy requirement in conscious swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 2001–2012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed