Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T03:01:35.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of cooling in infant rats on growth, maturation, sleep patterns and responses to food deprivation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Heidi H. Swanson ,
Eric Bolwerk  and
Eli Brenner
Heidi H. Swanson
Affiliation:
Netherfands Institute for Brain Research, Ijdijk 28, 1095KJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Eric Bolwerk
Affiliation:
Netherfands Institute for Brain Research, Ijdijk 28, 1095KJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Eli Brenner
Affiliation:
Netherfands Institute for Brain Research, Ijdijk 28, 1095KJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. The confounding effects of undernourishment and body cooling, resulting from maternal separation, were investigated by separating food and warmth deprivation. Rat pups aged 3–16 d were deprived of food for alternate 24-h periods by removal from the lactating mother. Some of the pups were placed with a foster mother, who kept them warm, whereas others were put in an empty cage at 22° which resulted in a sharp drop in body temperature.

2. Pups which were kept warm showed great fluctuations in weight between periods of starvation and feeding. The cooled pups lost less weight during deprivation but also recovered less on refeeding.

3. The resultant growth rate was much lower in non-fostered (i.e. cooled) than in fostered pups.

4. Up to the age of 8 d, cooled pups failed to raise their body temperature above that of the surroundings and did not digest the milk in their stomachs. Although, thereafter, they were able to raise their temperature to 26° and to digest stomach contents, the extra energy expended resulted in more severe growth restriction.

5. One-third of the pups died at 16 d but the rest were quickly rehabilitated by ad lib. feeding and showed a normal growth rate, although they remained smaller than the controls.

6. The development of nipples, hair, eye opening and vaginal opening was related more to chronological age than to weight.

7. A side effect of cooling was an almost complete abolition of active (REM) sleep, which is normally very high in infants; a slight rebound increase in active sleep was seen at 21 d. Direct as well as side effects of cooling may thus be responsible for some of the observed consequences of maternal separation.

Type
Papers on General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , July 1984 , pp. 139 - 148
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1984

References

REFERENCES

Adolph, E. F. (1957). Quarterly Review of Biology 32, 89–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croskerry, P. G., Smith, G. K. & Leon, M. (1978). Nature 273, 299–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drewett, R. F. (1983). In Parental Behaviour in Rodents, pp. 181–204 [R. W. Elwood, editor]. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Elwood, R. W. (1983). In Parental Behaviour in Rodents, pp. 235–258 [Elwood, R. W., editor]. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Frankova, S. (1974). In Early Malnutrition and Mental Development, pp 202–209 [Cravioto, J., Hambraeus, L. and Vahlquist, B., editors].Stockholm: Swedish nutrition foundation.Google Scholar
Gramsbergen, A., Schwartze, P. & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1970). Developmental Psychobiology 3, 267–280.Google Scholar
Hofer, M. A. (1973). Physiology and Behaviour 10, 423–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofer, M. A. (1976). Developmental Psychobiology 9, 189–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jouvet-Mounier, D., Astic, L. & Lacote, D. (1969). Developmental Psychobiology 2, 216–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, G. D. (1957). Journal of Endocrinology 16, 9–17.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. (1976). Developmental Psychobiology 9, 39–48.Google Scholar
Mirmiran, M., Scholtens, J., Van de Poll, N. E., Uylings, H. B. M., Van de Gugten, J. & Boer, G. J. (1983). Developmental Brain Research 7, 277–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirmiran, M., Van de Poll, N., Comer, M., Van Oyen, H. & Bour, H. (1981). Brain Research 204, 129–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowosielski-Slepowron, B. J. A. & Park, A. W. (1974). Acta Morphological Neerlandica Scandinavica 12, 299–316.Google Scholar
Park, A. W. & Nowosielski-Slepowron, B. J. A. (1971). Acta Anatomica 79, 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plaut, S. M. (1970). Developmental Psychobiology 3, 157–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestnall, R. (1983). In Parental Behaviour in Rodents, pp. 67–94 [Elwood, R. w., editor].Chichester: John wiley.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, J. S. (1967). Science 156, 1512–1514.Google Scholar
Schmidek, W. R., Hoshino, K., Schmidek, K. & Timo-Iaria, C. (1972). Physiology and Behaviour 8, 363–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slob, A. K., Snow, C. E. & De Natris-Mathos, E. (1973). Developmental Psychobiology 6, 177–186.Google Scholar
Smart, J. L. (1983). In Parental Behaviour in Rodents, pp. 205–234 [ Elwood, R. w., editor]. Chichester: John wiley.Google Scholar
Smart, J. L. & Preece, J. (1973). Animal Behaviour 21, 613–619.Google Scholar
Swanson, H. H., McConnell, P., Uylings, H. B. M., Van Oyen, H. G. & Van de Poll, N. E. (1983). Behavioural Processes 8, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, P. M. (1960). Journal of Physiology 154, 153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Poll, N. E., De Bruin, J. P. C., Van Dis, H. & Van Oyen, H. G. (1978). In Maturation of the Nervous System; Progress in Brain Research, vol. 48, pp. 309–325 [Comer, M. A., Baker, B., Van de Poll, N. E., Swaab, D. F., Uylings, H. B. M., editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North holland.Google Scholar
Widdowson, E. M. & Kennedy, G. C. (1962). Proceedings of the Royal Society B156, 96–108.Google Scholar
Widdowson, E. M. & McCance, R. A. (1960). Proceedings of the Royal Society B152, 188–206.Google Scholar
Widdowson, E. M., Mavor, W. O. & McCance, R. A. (1964). Journal of Endocrinology 29, 119–126.Google Scholar