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Effects of a flaxseed mixture and plant oils rich in α-linolenic acid on the adenoma formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Seija I. Oikarinen ,
Anne-Maria Pajari ,
Irma Salminen ,
Satu-Maarit Heinonen ,
Herman Adlercreutz  and
Marja Mutanen
Seija I. Oikarinen*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 66, FIN-00 014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Anne-Maria Pajari
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 66, FIN-00 014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Irma Salminen
Affiliation:
National Public Health Institute, Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Helsinki, Finland
Satu-Maarit Heinonen
Affiliation:
Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer; Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, PO Box 63, FIN-00 014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Herman Adlercreutz
Affiliation:
Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer; Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, PO Box 63, FIN-00 014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Marja Mutanen
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 66, FIN-00 014 University of Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Seija I. Oikarinen, fax +358 9 191 58 269, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Flaxseed is a dietary source of possible chemopreventive compounds such as lignans and α-linolenic acid (ALA). To study the effects of a flaxseed mixture on adenoma formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice, the mice were fed a diet containing 2·7 % flaxseed, 4·5 % fibre and 3·7 % ALA. To elucidate the effect of oils of the mixture we also composed a diet without flaxseed but with the same oil composition. The median number of adenomas in the small intestine was fifty-four for the control group, and thirty-seven (P=0·023) and forty-two (P=0·095) for flaxseed and oil groups, respectively. Compared with controls (1·2 mm), the adenoma size was smaller in the flaxseed (0·9 mm; P=0·002) and oil (1·0 mm; P=0·012) groups. Both diets changed the proportions of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the colonic mucosa. Membrane β-catenin and protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ levels were reduced in the adenoma v. mucosa (P<0·05), and an inverse association was found between the membrane PKC-ζ in the mucosa and the adenoma number (r −0·460, P=0·008, n 32). Only the flaxseed diet increased lignan levels in the caecum (P=0·002) and in plasma (P=0·002) but they were not associated with tumour formation. The results suggest that the preventive effect of flaxseed on colon carcinogenesis may be due to the oil part of flaxseed, and the loss of β-catenin and PKC-ζ from the membranes of the mucosal tissue may play a permissive role in intestinal tumour development.

Keywords

Colon cancerFlaxseedFatty acidsMin mouseProtein kinase C-ζ
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 4 , October 2005 , pp. 510 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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