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Effect of the addition of malate on in vitro rumen fermentation of cereal grains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. D. Carro  and
M. J. Ranilla
M. D. Carro*
Affiliation:
Departamento Producción Animal I. Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
M. J. Ranilla
Affiliation:
Departamento Producción Animal I. Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
*
*Corresponding author:Dr M. Dolores Carro, fax +34 987 291311, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of malate (Rumalato®; Norel & Nature S.A., Barcelona, Spain; composed of disodium malate–calcium malate (0·16:0·84, w/w)) on the fermentation of four cereal grains (maize, barley, wheat and sorghum). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Rumalato® was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mM-MALATE. Gas production was measured at regular intervals up to 120 h. Malate increased (P<0·01) the average fermentation rate of all substrates, and the lag time decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing concentrations of malate for all substrates, with the exception of sorghum. in 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as malate concentration increased from 0 TO 10 mM. Propionate and butyrate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate: propionate ratio and L-lactate concentrations decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of malate. Malate treatment increased (P<0·05) the CO2 production and decreased the production of CH4, although this effect was not significant (P>0·05) for maize. Malate at 4 and 7 mm increased (P<0·05) optical density of the cultures measured at 600 nm for maize, with no differences for the other substrates. The results indicate that malate may be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH and propionate production and decreased CH4 production and L-lactate concentrations; however, in general, no beneficial effects of 10 compared with 7 mM-malate were observed.

Keywords

RumenMalateBatch culturesCereal grains
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , February 2003 , pp. 181 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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