Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T04:13:07.790Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of non-starch polysaccharide supplementation on circulating bile acids, hormone and metabolite levels following a fat meal in human subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

L. M. Morgan ,
J. A. Tredger ,
Y. Shavila ,
J. S. Travis  and
J. Wright
L. M. Morgan
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. A. Tredger
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
Y. Shavila
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. S. Travis
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
J. Wright
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effects of guar gum, sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and wheat bran supplementation of a high-fat test meal were compared with an NSP-free control meal and a meal containing an equivalent amount of the ion- exchange resin cholestyramine in healthy non-obese human volunteers. Their effects on gastric emptying, postprandial circulating bile acids, triacylglycerols and gastrointestinal hormone levels were studied. The in vitro binding of NSP and cholestyramine to [l-14C]glycocholic acid was measured and compared with their in vivo effect. Guar gum and cholestyramine supplementation significantly lowered circulating postprandial bile acid, triacylglycerol and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations, but sugar-beet fibre and wheat bran were without effect. Liquid gastric emptying, as assessed by circulating paracetamol levels, was slightly accelerated in the guar gum-supplemented meal. Glycocholic acid bound strongly to the insoluble fraction of cholestyramine and the soluble fraction of guar gum. The insoluble fractions of SBF and wheat bran bound only small quantities of glycocholate; no bile acid binding was detected in the soluble fractions of these NSP. The study demonstrates that measurement of postprandial bile acids enables an indirect measurement to be made of bile acid binding to NSP in vivo. The results support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemic action of guar gum is largely mediated via interruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, but indicate that the hypocholesterolaemic action of SBF is mediated by another mechanism.

Keywords

Bile acidGastric inhibitory polypeptideCholesterolNon-starch polysaccharidesHumans
Type
Effects of Complex Carbohydrates on Lipid Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , September 1993 , pp. 491 - 501
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Betteridge, D. J. (1989). Lipids, diabetes and vascular disease: the time to act. Diabetic Medicine 6, 195–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosaeus, I., Carlsson, N.-G., Sandberg, A.-S. & Anderson, H. (1986). Effect ofwheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients. Human Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition 40C, 429–440.Google Scholar
Creutzfeldt, W. (1979). The incretin concept today. Diabetologia 16, 75–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deschodt-Lanckman, M., Robberecht, P., Camus, J. & Cristophe, J. (1971). Short-term adaptation of pancreatic hydrolases to nutritional and physiological stimuli in adult rats. Biochemie 53, 789–796.Google Scholar
Eastwood, M. A. & Hamilton, D. (1968). Studies on the adsorption of bile salts to non-absorbed components of the diet. Biochimicu ef Biophysica Acta 152, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, D. J., Girle, L. & Arthur, J. (1978). Effects of dietary fibre on the apparent digestibility of major food components and on blood lipids in men. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 56, 469–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallaher, D. & Schneeman, B. (1986). Intestinal interaction of bile acids, phospholipids, dietary fibers and cholestyramine. American Journal of Physiology 250, G420–426.Google Scholar
Hagander, B., Asp, N.-G., Efendic, S., Nilsson-Ehle, P. & Scherstern, B. (1988). Dietary fiber decreases fasting blood glucose levels and plasma LDL concentration in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 852–858.Google Scholar
Hallworth, M. J. (1983). Enzymatic method for acetaminophen adapted to a centrifugal analyser. Clinical Chemistry 29, 2123–2124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, W. E., Maurer, H., Vollmar, J. & Brduning, C. (1983). Guar gum and bile: effects on postprandial gallbladder contraction and on serum bile acids in man. Heputo-gastroenterology 30, 131–133.Google Scholar
Hashim, S. A. & van Itallie, T. B. (1965). Cholestyramine resin therapy for hypercholesterolaemia. Clinical and metabolic studies. Journal of the American Medical Association 192, 289–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, K. W. (1976). Clinical aspects of bile acid metabolism. In Recent Advances in Gastroenterology, pp. 200–230 [Bouchier, I. A. D., editor]. London: Churchill-Livingstone.Google Scholar
Isackson, G., Asp, N.-G. & Ihse, I. (1983). The effect of dietary fibre on pancreatic enzyme activities of ileostomy evacuates and on excretion of fat and nitrogen in the rat. Scandinavian Journalof Gastroenterology 18, 417–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Newton, C. & Cumming, J. H. (1975). The effect of pectin, guar gum and wheat fibre on serum cholesterol. Lancet ii, 1116–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Taylor, R. H., Nineham, R., Goff, D. V., Bloom, S. R., Sarson, D. & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1977). Combined use of guar and acarbose in reduction of post-prandial glycaemia. Lancet ii, 924–927.Google Scholar
Kay, R. M. & Truswell, A. S. (1977 a). Effect of citrus pectin on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 171–175.Google Scholar
Kay, R. M. & Truswell, A. S. (1977 b). The effect of wheat fibre on plasma lipids and faecal steroid excretion in man. British Journul of Nutrition 37, 227–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, A. R., Khan, G. Y., Mitchel, A. & Qadeer, M. A. (1981). Effect of guar gum on blood lipids. Anierican Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 824–829.Google ScholarPubMed
Kritchevsky, D. & Story, J. A. (1974). Binding of bile salts in vitro by non-nutritive fiber. Journal of Nutrition 104, 458–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kritchevsky, D., Vahouny, G. V. & Story, J. A. (1986). Dietary fibre and lipid metabolism. In Proceedings ofthe XIIIth International Congress of Nutrition, 1985, pp. 175–181 [Taylor, T. G. and Jenkins, W. K., editors]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
La Russo, N. F., Hoffman, N. E., Korman, M. G.. Hoffmann, A. F. & Cowen, A. E. (1978). Determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acid levels in healthy man. Digesrive Diseases 23, 385–391.Google ScholarPubMed
Moore, D. J., White, F. J., Flatt, P. R. & Parke, D. V. (1985). Beneficial short-term effects of unprocessed wheat bran on lipid and glucose metabolism in man. Human Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition 39C, 63–67.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. M., Goulder, T. J., Tsiolakis, D., Marks, V. & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1978 a). The effect of unabsorbable carbohydrate on gut hormones: modification of post-prandial GIP secretion by guar. Diahetologia 17, 85–89.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. M., Morris, B. A. & Marks, V. (1978 b). Radioimmunoassay of gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 15, 172–177.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. M., Tredger, J. A., Hampton, S. M., French, A. P., Peake, J. C. F & Marks, V. (1988). The effect of dietary modification and hyperglycaemia on gastric emptying and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion. British Journal of Nutrition 60, 29–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, A. A. & Southgate, D. A. T (1978). McCance and Widdowon's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Penagini, R., Velio, P., Vigorelli, R., Bozzani, A., Castagnone, D., Ranzi, T. & Biacho, P. A. (1986). The effect of dietary guar on serum cholesterol intestinal transit and fecal output in man. American Journal of Gastroenterology 81, 123–129.Google ScholarPubMed
Quin, G., Flynn, A. & Morrissey, P. A. (1991). In vitro binding of bile acids to dietary fibre. Proceedings ofthe Nutrition Society 50, 206A.Google Scholar
Rainbird, A. L., Low, A. G. & Sambrook, I. E. (1982). Lack of effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in pigs. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 39, 42A.Google Scholar
Selvendran, R. R. & Robertson, J. A. (1990). The chemistry of dietary fibre -an holistic view of the cell wall matrix. In Dietary Fihre: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 27–43 [Southgate, D. A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Starkey, B. J. & Marks, V. (1982). Determination of bile acids in serum -a comparison of RIA with an enzymatic fluorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta 119, 165–177.Google Scholar
Story, J. A. & Kritchevsky, D. (1976). Comparison of the binding of various bile acids and bile salts in vitro by several types of fiber. Journal of Nutrition 106, 1292–1294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topping, D., Illman, R. I., Dowling, K. & Trimble, R. P. (1990). Mechanisms whereby fibre could lower plasma cholesterol. In Dietary Fihre: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 300–304 [Southgate, D. A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Tredger, J. A., Morgan, L. M., Peake, J. & Marks, V. (1984). Effect of guar gum on the rate of gastric emptying in healthy human subjects. Regulatory Peptides 9, 350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tredger, J. A., Morgan, L. M., Travis, J. & Marks, V. (1991). The effects of guar gum, sugar beet fibre and wheat bran supplementation on serum lipoprotein levels in normocholesterolaemic volunteers. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 4, 59–67.Google Scholar
Tredger, J. A., Wright, J. & Marks, V. (1979). The effect of guar gum on blood alcohol levels following gin and tonic consumption. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 38, 70A.Google Scholar
Vahouny, G. V., Roy, T., Gallo, L. L., Story, J. A., Kritchevsky, D. & Cassidy, M. (1980). Dietary fibers. III. Effects of chronic intake on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the rat. Anzericun Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2182–2191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasconcelos, P. R. L., Kettlewell, M. G. W, Gibbons, G. F. & Williamson, D. H. (1989). Increased rates of hepatic cholesterogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in septic rats in vivo: evidence for the possible involvement of insulin. Clinical Science 16, 205–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahlefield, A. W. (1974). Triglycerides, determination after enzymatic hydrolysis. In Methods of Enzymutic Anulysis, 2nd ed., p. 1831. New York and London: Verlag Chemie Weinheim and Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wilmshurst, P. & Crawley, J. C. W (1980). The measurement of gastric transit time in obese subjects using 22N and the effects of energy content and guar gum on gastric emptying and satiety. British Journal of Nutrition 44, 1–6.Google Scholar