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Effect of isoenergetic low- and high-carbohydrate diets on substrate kinetics and oxidation in healthy men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Christina Koutsari  and
Labros S. Sidossis
Christina Koutsari
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University, E. Venizelou 70, 176 71, Athens, Greece
Labros S. Sidossis*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University, E. Venizelou 70, 176 71, Athens, Greece Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Labros Sidossis, fax +30 2109514759, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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The effect of diet composition on post-absorptive (15 h fast) fatty acid and glucose metabolism was investigated in five healthy men after 2 weeks on a low-carbohydrate (Low-CHO) diet (30% energy intake from carbohydrates, 55% from fat, 15% from protein) and after 2 weeks on a high-carbohydrate (High-CHO) diet (energy intake 75, 10 and 15% from carbohydrates, fat and protein respectively). The diets were isoenergetic and comprised real foods. Stable-isotope tracer methodology and indirect calorimetry were employed to measure glucose and fatty acid kinetics and oxidation. The relative contribution of carbohydrate to the total energy expenditure was significantly higher after the High-CHO diet. After the High-CHO diet, total and plasma fatty oxidation (2·4 (SE 0·7) and 2·1 (SE 0·4) μmol/kg per min respectively) were significantly lower than after the Low-CHO diet (4·8 (SE 0·5) and 4·6 (SE 0·8) μmol/kg per min for total and plasma fatty oxidation respectively). The rate of appearance (Ra) of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma and the arterial NEFA concentration were both significantly lower following the High-CHO than the Low-CHO diet. However, even after the High-CHO diet, NEFA Ra was threefold higher than plasma fatty acid oxidation. Thus, the decrease in fatty acid oxidation after consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet for 2 weeks in healthy men is unlikely to result from decreased fatty acid delivery to the tissues. Glucose Ra and arterial plasma glucose concentration were similar after the two diets. After the High-CHO diet, arterial lactate concentration was higher and total carbohydrate oxidation rate well exceeded glucose Ra in plasma. Therefore, alterations in intracellular mechanisms may limit fatty acid oxidation after high-carbohydrate diets.

Keywords

DietFatty acidsGlucoseOxidationStable isotopes
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 2 , August 2003 , pp. 413 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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