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Effect of dietary supplements and physical exercise on sensory perception, appetite, dietary intake and body weight in frail elderly subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Nynke de Jong ,
Marijke J. M. Chin A Paw ,
Cees de Graaf  and
Wija A. van Staveren
Nynke de Jong*
Affiliation:
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 1/bode 154, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Marijke J. M. Chin A Paw
Affiliation:
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 1/bode 154, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Cees de Graaf
Affiliation:
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 1/bode 154, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Wija A. van Staveren
Affiliation:
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 1/bode 154, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Nynke de Jong, fax +31 317 482782, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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This present study investigated the effect of a 17-week intervention programme with nutrient-dense foods (enriched with vitamins and minerals at 25–100 % of the Dutch recommended dietary allowance) and/or physical exercise in 159 frail elderly subjects (forty-six men, 113 women, mean age 78·7 (SD 5·6) years). Subjects were randomized into four groups: (1) control, (2) nutrition intervention, (3) exercise or (4) both nutrition intervention and exercise. Main outcome variables were sensory perception (smell test and questionnaire), appetite (questionnaire), energy intake (3 d food record) and body weight (on a weighing scale and with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements). At baseline, moderate but significant correlations were found between appetite and energy intake (r 0·30, P < 0·0001), between smell test and smell perception assessed by questionnaire (r 0·40, P < 0·0001) and between lean body weight and energy intake (r 0·50, P < 0·0001). Results after 17-weeks intervention revealed neither change in smell test scores (P = 0·19) nor in appetite (P = 0·17). A slight positive effect of exercise compared with non-exercising groups on energy intake (difference 0·5 MJ, P = 0·05) was shown next to a preserving effect of exercise on lean body mass (+0·08 kg) compared with a decrease (-0·4 kg) in non-exercisers (P < 0·02). The correlation between the change in lean body mass and change in energy intake was 0·18 (P = 0·05). In conclusion, an interesting preserving effect on lean body mass in frail elderly subjects due to 17 weeks of exercise was shown. Since a decline in lean body mass was observed in the non-exercisers, effects may be attributable to change in activity pattern. Changes in lean mass were also slightly, but significantly, correlated with changes in energy intake. In turn, energy intake was not related to a change in reported appetite or sensory perception. Nutrient-dense foods were not able to improve any of the outcome variables in this study.

Keywords

Frail elderlyAppetiteExerciseNutrient-dense foods
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 83 , Issue 6 , June 2000 , pp. 605 - 613
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

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