Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T19:02:06.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of dietary sodium intake on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in young women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Fiona Ginty ,
Albert Flynn  and
Kevin D. Cashman
Fiona Ginty
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
Albert Flynn
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
Kevin D. Cashman*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
*
*Corresponding author:Dr Kevin Cashman, fax +353 21 270244, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

To investigate the effect of a low (80 mmol/d) or high (180 mmol/d) Na intake for 14 d on biochemical markers of bone turnover in Na-sensitive and Na-non-sensitive healthy young women, twenty-nine subjects were screened for responsiveness of urinary Ca excretion to increasing dietary Na intake (40, 80, 120 and 200mmol/d for 7d). In a crossover study, the eight Na-sensitive and eight of the twenty-one Na-non-sensitive subjects were randomly assigned to diets containing either 80 or 180 mmol Na/d for 14 d followed by crossover to the alternative diet for a further 14 d. Dietary Ca was restricted to 12.5mmol/d throughout. During each dietary period, fasting morning first void urine samples (last 3 d) and fasting blood serum samples (morning of twelfth day) were collected. Increasing Na intake from 80 to 180 mmol/d increased urinary Na about twofold in both the Na-sensitive and Na-non-sensitive groups and increased urinary Ca excretion (by 73%) in the Na-sensitive group only. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) and bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; EC 3.1.3.1) were unaffected by increasing dietary Na in either group. It is concluded that the Na-induced calciuria observed in the Na-sensitive healthy young women did not result in increased bone resorption or turnover and, despite restricted Ca intake, adaptation of dietary Ca absorption may have compensated for the increased urinary Ca loss.

Keywords

SodiumBoneBiochemical markersPremenopausal women
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 4 , April 1998 , pp. 343 - 350
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Aub, JC, Tibbetts, DM & McLean, R (1937) The influence of parathyroid hormone, urea, sodium chloride, fat and of intestinal activity upon calcium balance. Journal of Nutrition 13, 635–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breslau, NA, McGuire, JL, Zerwekh, JE & Pak, CYC (1982) The role of dietary sodium on renal excretion and intestinal absorption of calcium and on vitamin D metabolism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 55, 369–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslau, NA, Sakhaee, K & Pak, CYC (1985) Impaired adaptation to salt-induced urinary calcium losses in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 98, 107–115.Google ScholarPubMed
Castenmiller, JJM, Mensink, RP, Van der, Heijden L, Kouwenhoven, T, Hautvast, JGAJ, de, Leeuw PW & Schaafsma, G (1985) The effect of dietary sodium on urinary calcium and potassium excretion in normotensive men with different calcium intakes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 52–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, ELP, Ho, CS, MacDonald, D, Chan, TYK & Swaminathan, R (1992) Interrelationships between urinary sodium, calcium, hydroxyproline and serum PTH in healthy subjects. Acta Endocrinology 127, 242–245.Google ScholarPubMed
Colwell, R, Russell, RGG & Eastell, R (1993) Factors affecting the assay of urinary 3-hydroxypyridinium cross-links of collagen as markers of bone resorption. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 23, 341–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delmas, PD (1992) Clinical use of biochemical markers of bone remodelling in osteoporosis. Bone 13, S17–S21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devine, A, Criddle, RA, Dick, IM, Kerr, DA & Prince, RL (1995) A longitudinal study of the effect of sodium and calcium intakes on regional bone density in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 740–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, HN & Cummings, JH (1988) Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 71, 808–814.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, CEL, Chughati, AY, Blumsohn, A, Giles, M & Eastell, R (1997) The effect of dietary sodium on calcium metabolism in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 394–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goulding, A (1981) Fasting urinary sodium/creatinine in relation to calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine in a general population of women. New Zealand Medical Journal 93, 294–297.Google Scholar
Goulding, A, Everitt, HE, Cooney, JM & Spears, GFS (1986) Sodium and osteoporosis. In Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 2, pp. 99–108 [Wahlqvist, ML and Truswell, AS, editors]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Goulding, A & Lim, PE (1983) Effects of varying dietary salt intake on the fasting urinary excretion of sodium, calcium and hydroxyproline in young women. New Zealand Medical Journal 96, 853–854.Google Scholar
Goulding, A & McDonald, B (1986) Intra-individual variability in fasting urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine measurements. In Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 2, pp. 312–313 [Wahlqvist, ML and Truswell, AS, editors]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Greendale, GA, Barrett-Connor, E, Edelstein, S, Ingles, S & Haile, R (1994) Dietary sodium and bone mineral density: results of a 16-year follow-up study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 42, 1050–1055.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaney, RP & Recker, RR (1982) Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and caffeine on calcium balance in women. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 99, 46–55.Google ScholarPubMed
Hills, A, Parsons, D, Webster, G, Rosenthal, O & Conover, H (1959) Influence of the renal excretion of sodium chloride upon the renal excretion of magnesium and other ions by human subjects. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 19, 1192–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, R & Suyama, Y (1996) Sodium excretion in relation to calcium and hydroxyproline excretion in a healthy Japanese population. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 735–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, JS, Jackson, R & Ashe, B (1964) Relation of sodium intake to urinary calcium excretion. Investigative Urology 1, 555–560.Google ScholarPubMed
Kivirikko, K (1970) Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in health and disease. International Review of Connective Tissue Research 5, 93–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleeman, CR, Bohannan, J, Bernstein, D, LingS, S, & Maxwell, MH (1964) Effect of variations in sodium intake on calcium excretion in normal humans. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 115, 29–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leitz, G, Avenell, A & Robins, SP (1997) Short-term effects of dietary sodium intake on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women measured using urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarron, DA, Rankin, LI, Bennet, WM, Krutzik, S, McClung, MR & Luft, FC (1981) Urinary calcium excretion at extremes of sodium intake in normal man. American Journal ofNephrology 1, 84–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McParland, BE, Goulding, A & Campbell, AJ (1989) Dietary salt affects biochemical markers of resorption and formation of bone in elderly women. British Medical Journal 299, 834–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massey, LK & Whiting, SJ (1996) Dietary salt, urinary calcium and bone loss. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 11, 731–736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massey, LK & Wise, KJ (1984) The effect of dietary caffeine on urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in healthy young females. Nutrition Research 4, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matkovic, V, Ilich, JZ, Andon, MB, Hseieh, LC, Tzagournis, Lagger BJ & Goel, PK (1995) Urinary calcium, sodium and bone mass of young females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 417–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, WJ, Transbol, I, Bartter, FC & Delea, C (1976) Control of calcium absorption: effect of sodium chloride loading and depletion. Metabolism 25, 989–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Need, AG, Morris, HA, Cleghorn, DB, De, Nichilo D, Horowitz, M & Nordin, BEC (1991) Effect of salt restriction on urine hydroxyproline excretion in postmenopausal women. Archives of Internal Medicine 151, 757–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordin, BEC, Need, AG, Morris, HA & Horowitz, M (1993) The nature and significance of the relationship between urinary sodium and urinary calcium in women. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1615–1622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordin, BEC & Polley, KJ (1987) Metabolic consequences of the menopause: a cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention study on 557 normal postmenopausal women. Calcified Tissue International 41, S1–S59.Google ScholarPubMed
Paul, AA & Southgate, DAT (1978) McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Pesce, A & Kaplan, LA (1987) Methods in Clinical Chemistry, p. 1021. St Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby Co.Google Scholar
Shortt, C & Flynn, A (1990) Sodium–calcium inter-relationships with specific reference to osteoporosis. Nutrition Research Reviews 3, 101–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shortt, C, Flynn, A & Morrissey, PA (1988) Influence of dietary sodium intake on urinary calcium excretion in selected Irish individuals. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 595–603.Google ScholarPubMed
Trudeau, DL & Freier, EF (1967) Determination of calcium in urine and serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Clinical Chemistry 13, C101–C114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed