Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T03:26:49.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of breed on the relationship between feed composition and the efficiency of protein utilization in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2007

I. Kyriazakis ,
D. Dotas  and
G.C. Emmans
I. Kyriazakis
Affiliation:
Genetics and Behavioural Sciences Department, SAC Edinburgh, West MainsRoad, Edinburgh EH 93JG
D. Dotas
Affiliation:
Genetics and Behavioural Sciences Department, SAC Edinburgh, West MainsRoad, Edinburgh EH 93JG
G.C. Emmans
Affiliation:
Genetics and Behavioural Sciences Department, SAC Edinburgh, West MainsRoad, Edinburgh EH 93JG
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The objective of the present experiment was to test whether the relationship between feed composition and the efficiency of protein utilization in pigs was different between two very different breeds. Fortyeight entire male pigs, half Large White × Landrace (LW ×) and half Chinese Meishan (CM), were assigned at 13 kg live weight either to an initial slaughter group or to one of six feeding treatments for 6 weeks. The two feeds used were starch, with 12.52 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) and 0 kg digestible crude protein (DCP)/kg, and a high-protein feed, with 11.95 MJ ME and 0.362 kg DCP/kg. In the first week the LW × pigs were given 400 g high-protein feed/d with 0, 100, 200 or 300 g starch/d, or 200 g high-protein feed/d with 400 or 500 g starch/d. The six diets had ME:DCP ratios of between 33 and 119 MJ/kg. The diet compositions were held constant within each of the six treatments but the allowances were increased weekly on time-based linear scales to be 2.25 as great in week six as in week one. The allowances for the CM pigs were 0.75 of those for the LW ×. The calculated efficiency of protein utilization, ep, was found to be directly proportional, up to a maximum value, to the ME:DCP ratio of the diet for both breeds, as found previously for LW × male and female pigs. The overall constant of proportionality was ep = 0.0108 (SE 0.00024) ME:DCP, the value of which did not differ significantly between the two breeds. The maximum observed ep values were 0.710 (SE 0.014) and 0.824 (SE 0.016) for the LW × and CM pigs respectively. It is likely that the lower maximum value for the LW x pigs was an experimental artefact due to increased feed spillage by these pigs on the two highest starch allowances used. In previous experiments the maximum value of ep was found to be 0.813 for LW × pigs, a value similar to that found here for the CM pigs. The results are consistent with the view that the two very different pig breeds have the same net efficiency in using protein and use the same rules for partitioning a scarce resource such as energy.

Keywords

BreedsEfficiency of protein utilizationEnergy intakeMeishanPigs
Type
Relation between feed composition and protein utilization
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 71 , Issue 6 , June 1994 , pp. 849 - 859
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S. (1990). Prediction of the dietary energy value of diets and raw materials for pigs. In Feedstuff Evaluation, pp. 267–281 [Wiseman, J. and Cole, D. J. A., editors]. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Bonneau, M., Mourot, J., Noblet, J., Lefaucher, L. & Bidanel, J. P. (1990). Tissue development in Meishan pigs: muscle and fat development and metabolism and growth regulation by somatotropic hormone. In Symposium ur le Porc Chinois, pp. 203–213 [Molenat, M. and Legault, C., editors] Jouy-en-Josas, France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. & Taverner, M. R. (1988). Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 66, 676–686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. & Curic, D. M. (1983). The influence of feeding level from 20 to 45 kg liveweight on the performance and body composition of female and entire male pigs. Animal Production 36, 193–199.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. & Curic, D. M. (1985 a). The influence of feeding level on the protein requirements of pigs between 20 and 45 kg liveweight. Animal Production 40, 489–496.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. & Curic, D. M. (1985 b). Effects of sex and energy intake between 48 and 90 kg liveweight on protein deposition in growing pigs. Animal Production 40, 497–503.Google Scholar
de Greef, K. H., Kemp, B. & Verstegen, M. W. A. (1992). Performance and body composition of fattening pigs of two strains during protein deficiency and subsequent realimentation. Livestock Production Science 30, 141 153.Google Scholar
Doornenbal, H. (1971). Growth, development and chemical composition of the pig. 1. Lean tissue and protein. Grouth 35, 281–295.Google Scholar
Doornenbal, H. (1972). Growth, development and chemical composition of the pig. 111. Bone, ash and moisture. Growth 39, 427–434.Google Scholar
Ellis, M., Smith, W. C., Henderson, R., Whittemore, C. T., Laird, R. & Phillips, P. (1983). Comparative performance and body composition of control and selection line Large White pigs. 3. Three low feeding scales for a fixed time. Animal Proauction 31, 253–258.Google Scholar
Emmans, G. C. (1988). Genetic components of potential and actual growth. In Animal Breeding Opporturnities. British Society of Animal Production Occasional Publication no. 12, pp. 153–181. Edinburgh : BSAP.Google Scholar
Emmans, G. C. & Fisher, C. (1986). Problems in nutritional theory. In Nutrient Requirements of Poulrr?, and Nutrition Research. Poultry Symposium no. 19, pp. 9–39. [Fisher, C. and Boorman, K. N., editors]. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Emmans, G. C. & Oldham, J. D. (1988). Modelling of growth and nutrition in different species. In Modelling of Livestock Production System, pp, 13–21 [Korver, S. and van Arendonk, J. A. M., editors]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F., Gordon, J. C. & Aitken, R. (1982). Energy and protein utilisation of pigs of different sex and genotype. In Energy, Metoholism of Farm Animals. European Association of Animal Production Puhlication no. 29, pp. 169–174. Switzerland: Vitnam.Google Scholar
Haley, C. S., d Agaro, E. & Ellis, M. (1992). Genetic components of growth and ultrasonic fat depth traits in Meishan and Large White pigs and their reciprocal crosses. Animal Production 54, 105–115.Google Scholar
Kyriazakis, I. & Emmans, G. C. (1992a). The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs. 1. The effects of energy intake at constant, high protein intake. British.Journal of Nutrition 68, 603–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyriazakis, I. & Emmans, G. C. (1992b). The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs. 2. The effects of varying both energy and protein intake. British Journal qfhiutrition 68, 615–625.Google Scholar
Kyriazakis, I.. Leus, K.. Emmans, G. C., Haley, C. S. & Oldham, J. D. (1993). The effect of breed (Large White x Landrace v. purebred Meishan) on the diets selected by pigs given a choice between two foods that differ in their crude protein contents. Animal Production 56, 121–128.Google Scholar
Tullis, J. B. (1981). Protein growth in pigs. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. (1983). Development of recommended energy and protein allowances for growing pigs. Agricultural Systems 11, 159–186.Google Scholar