Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:22:05.126Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2009

W. M. van Straalen ,
J. J. Odinga  and
W. Mostert
W. M. van Straalen
Affiliation:
DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
J. J. Odinga
Affiliation:
DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
W. Mostert
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The disappearance of total N, non-protein-N and amino acid-N after washing, rumen incubation and intestinal passage of sugarbeet pulp, maize-gluten feed, maize feed meal, palm kernel meal, soyabean hulls, soyabean meal, grass silage, maize silage and concentrate was measured in four dairy cows using nylon-bag techniques. Disappearance of amino acid-N after washing varied between feedstuff's from 14 to 69% of feed amino acid-N, and was lower than disappearance of non-protein-N. For sugarbeet pulp, grass silage and maize silage, washing had a considerable effect on the amino acid profile. Disappearance of amino acid-N after rumen incubation was also lower than non-protein-N and varied between feedstuffs from 25 to 73% of feed amino acid-N. Rumen incubation had only a small effect on the amino acid profile of the residue after washing. Disappearance of amino acid-N in the intestine varied between feedstuffs from 70 to 99% of rumen undegraded amino acid-N, and was higher than the disappearance of non-protein-N. Intestinal incubation showed a considerable effect on the amino acid profile for all feedstuffs. It was concluded that protein that was assumed to escape rumen degradation and was absorbable in the intestine was higher in amino acids and methionine, and lower in non-amino acid-N and glutamic acid and proline compared with protein in the feedstuff.

Keywords

Amino acid digestionNylon bagsFeedstuffsDairy cows
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 83 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural and Food Research Council (1992). Nutritive requirements of ruminant animals: protein. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 62B, 788–835.Google Scholar
Centraal Veevoederbureau. (1991). Veevoedertabel (Dutch Feeding Tables). Lelystad: Centraal Veevoederbureau.Google Scholar
Crooker, B. A., Clark, J. H., Shanks, R. D. & Fahey, G. C. (1987). Effects of ruminal exposure on the amino acid profile of feeds. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, 1143–1148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crooker, B. A., Clark, J. H., Shanks, R. D. & Hatfield, E. E. (1986). Effects of ruminal exposure on the amino acid profile of non treated and formaldehyde treated soybean meal. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2628–2657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Commission (1977). Proposed Official Method for Determination of Amino Acids in Animal Feed. Dir 77/101/EEC. Strasbourg: European Commission.Google Scholar
European Commission (1979). Proposed Official Method for Determination of Amino Acids in Animal Feed. Dir 79/373/EEC. Strasbourg: European Commission.Google Scholar
Ganev, G., Ørskov, E. R. & Smart, R. (1979). The effect of roughage or concentrate feeding and rumen retention time on total degradation of protein in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 651–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genstat 5 Committee (1987). Genstat 5 Reference Manual. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Greife, H. A. (1984). Enteraler und intermediärer Nukleinsäurenstoffwechsel (Nucleic acids in the intestine and metabolism). Ubersicht zur Tierernährung 12, 1–44.Google Scholar
Guilloteau, P., Toullec, R. & Grongnet, J. F. (1986). Digestion of milk, fish and soya-bean protein in the preruminant calf: flow of digesta, apparent digestibility at the end of the ileum and amino acid composition of ileal digesta. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 571–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hennessy, D. W., Lee, G. J. & Williamson, P. J. (1983). Nitrogen loss from protein meals held in terylene bags in the rumen of cattle and the nutritive value of the residues. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 453–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hof, G., Kouwenberg, W. J. A. & Tamminga, S. (1990). The effect of washing procedure on the estimation of the in situ disappearance of amino acids from feed protein. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, 719–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hvelplund, T. (1985). Digestibility of rumen microbial and undegraded dietary protein estimated in the small intestine of sheep and by the in sacco procedure. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Suppl. 25, 132–144.Google Scholar
Laplace, J.-P., Darcy-Vrillon, B., Duval-Iflah, Y. & Raibaud, P. (1985). Proteins in the digesta of the pig: amino acid composition of endogenous, bacterial and fecal fractions. Reproduction Nutrition Développement 6, 1083–1099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Henaff, L., Rulquin, H. & Peyraud, J. L. (1988). Etude de la disparition des acides amines alimentaires dans le rumen et dans l'intestin a l'aide de la methode des sachets nylon (A study of amino acid disappearance from feedstuff's in the rumen and intestine measured with the nylon bag method). Reproduction Nutrition Développement 28, Suppl 1, 133–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGregor, C. A., Sniffen, C. J. & Hoover, W. H. (1978). Amino acid profiles of total and soluble protein in feedstuff's commonly fed to ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 61, 566–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messman, M. A., Weiss, W. P. & Erickson, D. O. (1992). Effects of nitrogen fertilization and maturity of bromegrass on nitrogen and amino acid utilization by cows. Journal of Animal Science 70, 566–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mir, Z., MacLeod, G. K., Buchanan-Smith, J. G., Grieve, D. G. & Grovum, W. L. (1984). Methods for protecting soybean and canola proteins from degradation in the rumen. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64, 853–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, J. J. & Kennelly, J. J. (1987). Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 1841–1849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nocek, J. E. & Grant, A. L. (1985). Characterisation of in situ nitrogen and fiber digestion and bacterial nitrogen contamination of hay crop forages preserved at different dry matter percentages. Journal of Animal Science 64, 552–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, J. B. & Van Soest, P. J. (1981). The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In The Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Food, pp. 123–158 [W. P. T. James and O. Theander, editors]. New York: Marcel Dekker Incorporated.Google Scholar
Rooke, J. A. (1985). The nutritive value of feed proteins and feed protein residues resistant to degradation by rumen microorganisms. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 36, 629–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Greife, H. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1984). The effect of in sacco rumen incubation of a grass silage upon the total and D-amino acid composition of the residual silage dry matter. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 695–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rulquin, H. & Verite, R. (1993). Amino acid nutrition of dairy cows: Productive effects and animal requirements. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, pp. 55–77 [P. C. Garnsworthy and D. J. A. Cole, editors]. Loughborough: Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Schwab, C. G., Bozak, C. K., Whitehouse, N. L. & Mesbah, M. M. A. (1992). Amino acid limitation and flow to duodenum at four stages of lactation. 1. Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3486–3502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seymour, W. M., Polan, C. E. & Herbein, J. H. (1990). Effects of dietary protein degradability and casein or amino acid infusion on production and plasma amino acid in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 735–748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slump, P. (1969). Characterization of the nutritive value of food proteins by amino acid composition and the effect of heat and alkali treatment on the availablity of amino acids, Thesis, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Stallings, C. C., Acosta, Y. M. & Polan, C. E. (1991). Predicting diet protein degradability from individual ingredient estimations in the diets containing barley silages. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3486–3491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steg, A., Spoelstra, S. F., Van der Meer, J. M. & Hindle, V. A. (1990). Digestibility of grass silage. The Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, 407–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stryer, L. (1988). Biochemistry. New York: Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Susmel, P., Stefanon, B., Mills, C. R. & Candido, M. (1989). Change in amino acid composition of different protein sources after rumen incubation. Animal Production 49, 375–385.Google Scholar
Syrjälä-Qvist, L., Pekkarinen, E., Setälä, J. & Kangasmaki, T. (1984 a). Effect of red clover/timothy ratio on the protein value and the quality of silage. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 56, 183–191.Google Scholar
Syrjälä-Qvist, L., Pekkarinen, E., Setälä, J. & Kangasmaki, T. (1984 b). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the protein quality of timothy grass and silage. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 56, 193–199.Google Scholar
Tamminga, S. (1986). Utilization of naturally occurring NPN-compounds by ruminants. Archives of Animal Nutrition 36, 169–176.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Bruchem, J., Rouwers, S. M. G., Bangma, G. A., Lammers-Wienhoven, S. C. W. & Van Adrichem, P. W. M. (1985). Digestion of proteins of varying degradability in sheep. 2. Amount and composition of the protein entering the small intestine. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, 273–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Straalen, W. M., Dooper, F. M. H., Antoniewicz, A. M., Kosmala, I. & van Vuuren, A. M. (1993). Intestinal digestibility of protein from grass and clover in dairy cows measured with the mobile nylon bag and other methods. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 2970–2979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Straalen, W. M. & Tamminga, S. (1990). Protein degradation of ruminant diets. In Feedstuff Evaluation, pp. 55–72 [J. Wiseman and D. J. A. Cole, editors]. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Vuuren, A. M., Krol-Kramer, F., Van der Lee, R. A. & Corbijn, H. (1992). Protein digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows fed fresh Lolium perenne with different nitrogen contents. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2215–2225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varvikko, T., Lindberg, J. E., Setala, J. & Syrjala-Qvist, L. (1983). The effect of formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal and rapeseed meal on amino acid profiles and acid-pepsin solubility of rumen undegraded protein. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101, 603–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varvikko, T. & Vanhatalo, A. (1991). Intestinal nitrogen degradation of hay and grass silage estimated by the mobile nylon bag technique. World Review of Animal Production 16, 73–76.Google Scholar
Voigt, J., Piatkowski, B., Engelman, H. & Rudolph, E. (1985). Measurement of postruminal digestibility of crude protein by the bag technique in cows. Archive für Tierernährung 35, 555–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webster, A. J. F., Kitcherside, M. A., Keirby, J. R. & Hall, P. A. (1984). Evaluation of protein feeds for dairy cows. Animal Production 38, 548.Google Scholar
Weakley, D. C., Stern, M. D. & Satter, L. D. (1983). Factors affecting disappearance of feedstuffs from bags suspended in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science 56, 493–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed