Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:55:50.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Digestibility of energy, protein, fat and non-starch polysaccharides in mixed diets: Comparative studies between man and the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

K. E. Bach Knudsen ,
Elisabeth Wisker ,
Martina Daniel ,
W. Feldheim  and
B. O. Eggum
K. E. Bach Knudsen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 39, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
Elisabeth Wisker
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Düsternbrooker Weg 17-19, D-2300, Kiel 1, Germany
Martina Daniel
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Düsternbrooker Weg 17-19, D-2300, Kiel 1, Germany
W. Feldheim
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Düsternbrooker Weg 17-19, D-2300, Kiel 1, Germany
B. O. Eggum
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 39, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The apparent digestibility of energy, protein, fat and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) of low and high dietary fibre (DF) mixed diets were studied in three series of experiments with man and the rat. Low DF diets were used as control diets in each experimental series and the DF level was increased by adding fruits and vegetables (Study 1), citrus fibre concentrate (Study 2) and insoluble barley fibre (Study 3), In Study 3 the high DF diet was fed at two protein levels. There was in most cases good agreement between the digestibility of energy between man and the rat, with the digestibility of energy of the low DF control diets of 0.941–0.950 in man compared with 0.933–0.952 in the rat and of the high DF diets of 0.897–0.931 in man and 0.865–0.920 in the rat. The biggest difference in digestible energy between the two species was found for the diet enriched with fruits and vegetables (0.032 absolute units) and citrus fibre concentrate (0.025 absolute units). Apparent digestibility of protein was slightly lower in man than in the rat for all diets in Studies 1 and 2. In Study 3, however, apparent digestibility of protein was consistently lower in man than in the rat with differences in absolute digestibilities between the two species varying from 0.023 (high DF/high protein) to 0.071 (high DF/low protein). The digestibility of fat was the same in man and in the rat in all but the high DF diet of Study 2. The rat appears to have a lower capacity to digest fibre polysaccharides than man and the digestibility of NSP was consistently lower in the rat than in man. The biggest difference between the two species was found for the diets in Study 2 where the digestibility of NSP in man was measured to be 0.774–0.885 compared with only 0.501–0.517 in the rat. For the other diets the differences in NSP digestibility were 0.077–0.137 absolute units. In spite of some differences between man and the rat in their ability to digest nutrients the various diets are ranked in the same order by the two species.

Keywords

DigestibilityDietary fibreManRat
Type
Digestion of nutrients
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 71 , Issue 4 , April 1994 , pp. 471 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Apgar, J. L., Shively, C. A. & Tarka, S. (1987). Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil and their influence on fatty acid distribution in rats. Journal of Nutrition 117, 660–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbeitsgemeinschaft-Getreideforschung (1978). Standardmethoden für Getreide, Mehl und Brot, Schäfer (Standard methods for grain, flour and bread). Detmold, Germany: Schäfer.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Agergaard, N. & Olesen, H. P. (1991). Effect of caecectomy and transit time on digestibility of plant polysaccharides and of amino acids in rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 66, 190–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Jensen, B. B. & Hansen, I. (1993). Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed diets consisting of oat fractions rich in β-D-glucan. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 537–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, I. S., Hotta, S. S., Ikeda, I., Cassidy, M. M., Sheppard, A. J. & Vahouny, G. V. (1987). Digestion, absorption and effects on cholesterol absorption of menhaden oil, fish oil concentrate and corn oil by rats. Journal of Nutrition 117, 1676–1680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. H., Jenkins, D. J. A. & Wiggins, H. S. (1976). Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residues through the human gut. Gut 17, 210–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. H., Southgate, D. A. T., Branch, W., Houston, H., Jenkins, D. J. A. & James, W. P. T. (1978). Colonic response to dietary fibre from carrot, cabbage, apple, bran and guar gum. Lancet i, 5–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, J. W. (1976). Chemical composition of microbial matter in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27, 621–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Schrijver, R., Fremaut, D. & Verheyen, A. (1992). Cholesterol-lowering effects and utilization of protein, lipid, fiber and energy in rats fed unprocessed and baked oat bran. Journal of Nutrition 122, 1318–1324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie (1986). Souci. Fachmann. Kraut. Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel. Nährwerttabellen 1986/87 (Souci, Fachmann, Kraut, Nutrition Tables 1986/87) [Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, editors]. Stuttgart, Germany: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Eggum, B. O. (1973). A study of certain factors influencing protein utilization in rats and pigs. Report no. 406. Copenhagen: National Institute of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N., Wiggins, H. S. & Cummings, J. H. (1982). Determination of non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 107, 307–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (1991). Protein Quality Evaluation. Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition paper 51. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Forsum, E., Göranzon, H., Rundgren, M., Thilén, M. & Hambraeus, L. (1981). Protein evaluation of mixed diets. Comparative study in man and in the pig and rat of vegetable-animal and vegetable protein diets. Nutrition and Metabolism 25, 137–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsum, E., Göranzon, H. & Thilén, M. (1982). Protein evaluation of mixed diets in young adults, growing pigs, and growing rats. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36, 505–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, I., Bach Knudsen, K. E. & Eggum, B. O. (1992). Gastrointestinal implications in the rat of wheat bran, oat bran and pea fibre. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 451–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasper, H. (1970). Fecal fat excretion, diarrhea, and subjective complaints with highly dosed oral fat intake. Digestion 3, 321–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macfarlane, G. T. & Cummings, J. H. (1991). The colonic flora, fermentation, and large bowel digestive function. In The Large Intestine: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Disease, pp. 51–92 [Phillips, S. F., Pemberton, J. H. and Shorter, R. G., editors]. New York: Raven Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Mason, V. C. & Palmer, R. (1973). The influence of bacterial activity in the alimentary canal of rats on faecal nitrogen excretion. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica 23, 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokady, S. (1973). Effect of dietary pectin and algin on blood cholesterol level in growing rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Nutrition and Metabolism 15, 290–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, W. E. C., Moore, L. V. H., Cato, E. P., Wilkins, T. D. & Kornegay, E. T. (1987). Effect of high-fiber and high-oil diets on the fecal flora of swine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 1638–1644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, M. & Asp, N.-G. (1982). Fermentation of dietary fibre components in the rat intestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 357–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, M., Asp, N.-G., Cummings, J. H. & Wiggins, H. (1986). Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract, comparison between man and rat. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 487–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prynne, C. J. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1979). The effects of a supplement of dietary fibre on faecal excretion by human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 41, 495–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raczynski, G., Eggum, B. O. & Chwalibog, A. (1982). The effect of dietary composition on transit time in rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 47, 160–167.Google ScholarPubMed
Rich, N., Satterlee, L. D. & Smith, J. L. (1980). A comparison of in vivo apparent digestibility as determined using human and rat pancreatins and commercially available proteases. Nutrition Reports International 21, 285–299.Google Scholar
Scott, R. W. (1979). Colorimetric determination of hexuronic acids in plant materials. Analytical Chemistry 51, 936–941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1973). Statistical Methods. Ames: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Southgate, D. A. T. & Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1970). Calorie conversion factors. An experimental reassessment of the factors used in the calculation of the energy value of human diet. British Journal of Nutrition 24, 517–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiller, G. A., Story, J. A., Wong, L. G., Nunes, J. D., Alton, M., Petro, M. S., Furumoto, E. J., Whittam, J. H. & Scala, J. (1986). Effect of increasing levels of hard wheat fiber on fecal weight, minerals and steroids and gastrointestinal transit time in healthy young women. Journal of Nutrition 116, 778–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephen, A. M. & Cummings, J. H. (1980). The microbial contribution to human fecal mass. Journal of Medical Microbiology 13, 45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, J., Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Levitsky, D. A. (1987). Mean transit time measurement by analysis of a single stool after ingestion of multicolored plastic pellets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 1048–1054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoldt, W. (1952). Vorschlag zur Vereinheitlichung der Fettbestimmung in Lebensmitteln (Suggestions to standardize the determination of fat in foodstuffs). Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 54, 206–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theander, O. & Åman, P. (1979). Studies on dietary fibre. I. Analysis and chemical characterization of water-soluble and water-insoluble dietary fibres. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 97–106.Google Scholar
Theander, O. & Westerlund, E. A. (1986). Studies on dietary fiber. 3. Improved procedures for analysis of dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 34, 330–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vahouny, G. V. & Cassidy, M. M. (1987). Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal absorption of lipids. In CRC Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 121–128 [Spiller, G. A., editor]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. (1975). Physico-chemical aspects of fibre digestion. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 351–365 [McDonald, I. N. and Warner, A. C. I., editors]. Sidney: The University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. (1984). Some physical characteristics of dietary fibres and their influence on the microbial ecology of the human colon. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 43, 25–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, P. J., Jerdci, J., Foose, T., Wrick, K. & Ehle, F. (1982). Comparative fermentation of fibre in man and other animals. In Fibre in Human and Animal Nutrition, pp. 75–80 [Wallace, G. and Bell, L., editors]. Palmerston North: The Royal Society of New Zealand.Google Scholar
Walker, B. E., Kelleher, J., Davies, T., Smith, C. L. & Losowsky, M. S. (1973). Influence of dietary fat on fecal fat. Gastroenterology 64, 233–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed