Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T03:11:15.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dietary sodium requirement determined for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Shi-Yen Shiau  and
Li-Shan Lu
Shi-Yen Shiau*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
Li-Shan Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Shi-Yen Shiau, fax +886 2 2462 1684, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted to determine the dietary Na requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater. In each experiment, NaCl was added to the basal diet at 0, 0·5, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7g Na/kg diet (fresh water) and at 0, 0·2, 0·5, 0·8, 1·2, 1·5, 2, or 3g Na/kg diet (seawater). Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish, individual fish initially weighing 0·69 (se 0·01) g, in a closed, recirculating rearing system. In fresh water, the tilapia fed the diet supplemented with 2g Na/kg diet had significantly (P<0·05) greater weight gain than the fish fed the diets supplemented with ≥3 and ≤0·5g Na/kg diet. Feed efficiency (FE) in fish generally followed the weight-gain pattern. Gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity was highest in the fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3g Na/kg diet, followed by the fish fed the diet with 7g Na/kg diet and lowest in the fish fed the unsupplemented control diet. In seawater, the weight gain, FE and gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity in fish were not affected by the dietary treatment. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain, by broken-line regression of gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body Na retention of the fish reared in fresh water, indicated that the adequate dietary Na concentration for tilapia is about 1·5g/kg diet. The present study also suggests that no dietary Na is required for tilapia reared in seawater.

Keywords

SodiumFishTilapia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 4 , April 2004 , pp. 585 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Chou, BS & Shiau, SY (1999) Both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are required for maximal growth of juvenile hybrid tilapia. North Am J Aquacult 61, 13–20.Google Scholar
Cowey, CB (1976) Use of synthetic diets and biochemical criteria in the assessment of nutrient requirement of fish. J Fish Res Board Can 33, 1040–1045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Sayed, AFM (1999) Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreochromis spp. Aquaculture 179, 149–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gatlin, DM, MacKenzie, DS, Craiz, SR & Neill, WH (1992) Effects of dietary sodium chloride on red drum juveniles in waters of various salinities. Prog Fish-Cult 54, 220–227.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, PP, Sun, CM & Wu, SM (1988) Characterization of gill Na+ -K+-activated adenosine triphosphate from tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Bull Inst Zool Acad Sinica 27, 49–56.Google Scholar
Hwang, PP, Sun, CM & Wu, SM (1989) Changes of plasma osmolality, chloride concentration and gill Na + -K + -ATPase activity in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus during seawater acclimation. Mar Biol 100, 295–299.Google Scholar
McCormick, SD (1995) Hormonal control of gill Na+ -K+-ATPase and chloride cell function. In Fish Physiology, pp. 285–315 [Wood, CM and Shuttleworth, TJ, editors]. New York NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
MacLeod, MG (1978) Relationship between dietary sodium chloride, food intake and food conversion in the rainbow trout. J Fish Biol 13, 73–78.Google Scholar
Mayer-Gostan, N & Naon, R (1992) Effects of ambient ion concentrations on gill ATPase in fresh water eel, Anguilla anguilla. Fish Physiol Biochem 10, 75–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, MW & Andrews, JW (1979) Channel catfish: the absence of an effect of dietary salt on growth. Prog Fish-Cult 41, 155–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandeesha, MC, Gangadhar, B, Keshavanath, P & Varghese, TJ (2000) Effect of dietary sodium chloride supplementation on growth, biochemical composition and digestive enzyme activity of young Cyprinus carpio (Linn.) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). J Aquacult Trop 15, 135–144.Google Scholar
New, MB (1999) Global aquaculture: current trends and challenges for the 21st century. World Aquaculture 30, 8–1374–79.Google Scholar
Robbins, KR (1986) A Method, SAS Program, and Example for Fitting the Broken Line to Growth Data. University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report: Knoxville, TNUniversity of Tennessee.Google Scholar
Salman, NA & Eddy, FB (1988) Effect of dietary sodium chloride on growth, food intake and conversion efficiency in rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Aquaculture 70, 131–144.Google Scholar
Shaw, HM, Saunders, RL, Hall, HC & Henderson, EB (1975) Effect of dietary sodium chloride on growth of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). J Fish Res Board Can 32, 1813–1819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiau, SY (2002) Tilapia, Oreochromis spp. Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture, pp. 273–292 [Webster, CD and Lim, CE, editors]. New York NY: CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiau, SY & Hsieh, JF (2001) Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus ). Br J Nutr 85, 213–218.Google Scholar
Shiau, SY & Huang, SL (1989) Optimal dietary protein level for hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus ) reared in seawater. Aquaculture 81, 119–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiau, SY & Lo, PS (2000) Dietary choline requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. J Nutr 130, 100–103.Google Scholar
Wilson, RPEl Naggar, G (1992) Potassium requirement of fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus purtatus. Aquaculture 108, 169–175.Google Scholar
Zeitoun, IH, Ullrey, DE & Magee, WT (1976) Quantifying nutrient requirement of fish. J Fish Res Board Can 33, 167–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar