Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T03:02:48.630Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dietary carbohydrate's effects on lipogenesis and the relationship of lipogenesis to blood insulin and glucose concentrations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

E. J. Parks
E. J. Parks*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108-6099, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr E. J. Parks, tel +1 612 625 1785, fax +1 612 625 5272, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The process by which dietary carbohydrate is transformed into fat in the human body is termed de novo lipogenesis. New methods for the measurement of this process in humans are available and have been used to investigate the role of the carbohydrate form (fed as a liquid or solid), the level of processing of carbohydrate in foods, and the role of lipogenesis in the control of liver triacylglycerol secretion. The present paper will discuss how research results are affected by both the physical state of the carbohydrate in the diet and by the metabolic state of individual research subjects. Of interest is the relationship between the glycemic index of a food (or indicators of a food's glycemic index) and that food's ability to stimulate lipogenesis in humans. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, future scientific emphasis will expand methods to quantitate the lipogenic potential of specific foods and dietary patterns and investigate how the metabolic state of insulin resistance affects lipogenesis and/or contributes to obesity.

Keywords

Dietary carbohydrateTriacylglycerolsLipogenesisHuman subjectsFeeding study
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 87 , Issue S2 , May 2002 , pp. S247 - S253
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Austin, MA (1998) Plasma triglyceride as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 13, 14B–17B.Google Scholar
Austin, MA, Breslow, JL, Hennekens, CH, Buring, JE, Willett, WC & Krauss, RM (1988) Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Medical Association 260, 1917–1921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brighenti, F, Casiraghi, MC, Canzi, E & Ferrari, A (1999) Effect of consumption of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal containing inulin on the intestinal milieu and blood lipids in healthy male volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 726–733.Google Scholar
Brinton, EA, Eisenberg, S & Breslow, JL (1990) A low-fat diet decreases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by decreasing HDL apolipoprotein transport rates. Journal of Clinical Investigation 85, 144–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, BG, Zhao, X-Q & Maher, VMG (1995) HDL cholesterol as a therapeutic target in coronary disease: current concepts and future directions in HDL deficiency and atherosclerosis. In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 174, pp. 24–42 [Assan, G, editor]. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Brunzell, JD, Schrott, HG, Motulsky, AG & Bierman, EL (1976) Myocardial infarction in the familial forms of hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental 25, 313–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, YDI, Coulston, AM, Zhou, MY, Hollenbeck, CB & Reaven, GM (1995) Why do low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets accentuate postprandial lipemia in patients with NIDDM? Diabetes Care 18, 10–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coulston, AM, Hollenbeck, CB, Swislocki, AL & Reaven, GM (1989) Persistence of hypertriglyceridemic effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 12, 94–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreon, DM, Fernstrom, HA, Miller, B & Krauss, RM (1994) Low-density lipoprotein subclass pattern and lipoprotein response to a reduced-fat diet in men. FASEB Journal 8, 121–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreon, DM, Fernstrom, HA, Williams, PT & Krauss, RM (1999) A very low-fat diet is not associated with improved lipoprotein profiles in men with a predominance of large, low-density lipoproteins. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 411–418.Google Scholar
Dreon, DM, Fernstrom, HA, Williams, PT & Krauss, RM (2000) Reduced LDL particle size in children consuming a very low-fat diet is related to parental LDL-subclass patterns. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, 1611–1616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gambera, PJ, Schneeman, BO & Davis, PA (1995) Use of the Food Guide Pyramid and US Dietary Guidelines to improve dietary intake and reduce cardiovascular risk in active-duty Air Force members. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, 1268–1273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ginsberg, HN, Jones, J, Blaner, WS, Thomas, A, Karmally, W, Fields, L, Blood, D & Begg, MD (1995) Association of postprandial triglyceride and retinyl palmitate responses with newly diagnosed exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men and women. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 15, 1829–1838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellerstein, MK (1995) Methods for measurement of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. Current Opinion in Lipidology 6, 172–181.Google Scholar
Hellerstein, MK, Schwarz, JM & Neese, RA (1996) Regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis in humans. Annual Review of Nutrition 16, 523–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudgins, L, Hellerstein, M, Seldman, C, Diakun, J & Hirsch, J (1993) Increased de novo lipogenesis on a eucaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet does not alter energy expenditure. Obesity Research 1, 92S, (abstr).Google Scholar
Hudgins, LC, Hellerstein, MK, Seidman, CE, Neese, RA, Tremaroli, JD & Hirsch, J (2000) Relationship between carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty acid synthesis in lean and obese subjects. Journal of Lipid Research 41, 595–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, RL, Yates, MT, McNerney, CA & Kashyap, ML (1987) Diet and HDL metabolism: high carbohydrate vs. high fat diets. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 210, 165–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeppesen, J, Chen, YDI, Zhou, MY, Wang, T & Reaven, GM (1995) Effect of variations in oral fat and carbohydrate load on postprandial lipemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 1201–1205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, PJH (1996) Tracing lipogenesis in humans using deuterated water. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 74, 755–760.Google Scholar
Kasim-Karakas, SE, Almario, RU, Mueller, WM & Peterson, J (2000) Changes in plasma lipoproteins during low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets: effects of energy intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, 1439–1447.Google Scholar
Kissebah, AH, Alfarsi, S & Adams, PW (1981) Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in man: normolipemic subjects, familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 30, 856–868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laws, A & Reaven, GM (1992) Evidence for an independent relationship between insulin resistance and fasting plasma HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentrations. Journal of Internal Medicine 231, 25–30.Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, AH & Van Horn, L (1998) Very low fat diets. Circulation 98, 935–939.Google Scholar
Parks, E & Hellerstein, MK (2000) Carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia: An historical perspective and review of biological mechanisms. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, 412–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parks, EJ (2002) The relationship of the glycemic index to lipogenesis in humans. In Proceedings of the 6th (Millenium) Vahouny Conference, [Kritchevsky, D, editor]. Kluwer/Plenum Press (in press).Google Scholar
Parks, EJ, German, JB, Davis, PA, Frankel, EN, Kappagoda, CT, Rutledge, JC, Hyson, DA & Schneeman, BO (1998) Reduced susceptibility of LDL from patients participating in an intensive atherosclerosis treatment program. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 778–785.Google Scholar
Parks, EJ, Krauss, RM, Christiansen, MP, Neese, RA & Hellerstein, MK (1999) Effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production and clearance. Journal of Clinical Investigation 104, 1087–1096.Google Scholar
Parks, EJ, Rutledge, JC, Davis, PA, Hyson, DA, Schneeman, BO & Kappagoda, CT (2001) Predictors of plasma triglyceride elevation in patients participating in a coronary atherosclerosis treatment program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 21, 73–79.Google Scholar
Patsch, JR, Miesenbock, G, Hopferwieser, T, Muhlberger, V, Knapp, E, Dunn, JK, Gotto, AM & Patsche, W (1992) Relations of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease: studies in the postprandial state. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 12, 1336–1345.Google Scholar
Sheppard, L, Kristal, AR & Kushi, LH (1991) Weight loss in women participating in a randomized trial of low-fat diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 821–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siler, SQ, Neese, RA, Parks, EJ & Hellerstein, MK (1998) VLDL-triglyceride production after alcohol ingestion, studied using [2-13C1] glycerol. Journal of Lipid Research 39, 2319–2328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed