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Diet, glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk: a systematic review of observational studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2025

Elham Karimi Open the ORCID record for Elham Karimi [Opens in a new window] ,
Shalaleh Abbasnezhad ,
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh ,
Reza Amiri Khosroshahi Open the ORCID record for Reza Amiri Khosroshahi [Opens in a new window] ,
Seyed Reza Beh-Afarin ,
Hamed Mohammadi Open the ORCID record for Hamed Mohammadi [Opens in a new window]  and
Marjan Yaghmaie Open the ORCID record for Marjan Yaghmaie [Opens in a new window]
Elham Karimi
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shalaleh Abbasnezhad
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Reza Beh-Afarin
Affiliation:
Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, University of Tehran - Kish International Campus, Tehran, Iran
Hamed Mohammadi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Marjan Yaghmaie*
Affiliation:
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Marjan Yaghmaie; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Understanding the correlation between genes and diet holds significance in formulating tailored nutritional guidance and enhancing public health initiatives. Consequently, a thorough examination is undertaken to clarify the interplay between varying nutrient intake, glutathione S-transferases Mu1 and Theta 1 (GSTM1 & T1) gene variants and susceptibility to cancer development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 30 April 2023. The review included observational studies that explored the relationship between dietary consumption of acrylamide, fruits, vegetables, plant-based foods, total meat, red meat, coffee and green tea, as well as the presence of GSTM1 and T1 gene polymorphisms, and the risk of cancer in adult populations. The review findings indicated that high levels of risk factors, particularly red meat, have been linked to a higher chance of developing colorectal cancer risk among individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype. In contrast, heightened levels of protective factors, such as cruciferous vegetables, green tea, coffee and fruit, have been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, adult leukaemia, cutaneous melanoma and lung cancer in individuals exhibiting GST polymorphisms. There is a scarcity of comprehensive studies examining different types of cancer due to various dietary patterns and genetic variations. Research has illuminated the complex interplay among dietary factors, gene polymorphisms and cancer risk, further comprehensive studies are needed to understand and validate these findings fully. More robust investigations across diverse populations are crucial to developing personalised nutritional interventions and strengthening public health strategies.

Keywords

Glutathione S-transferases (GST)CancerDietObservational studiesSystematic review
Type
Systematic Review
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , First View , pp. 1 - 14
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

Elham Karimi, and Shalaleh Abbasnezhad, contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors.

Hamed Mohammadi and Marjan Yaghmaie considered correspondences.

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