Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:15:08.724Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conjugated linoleic acid decreases fat accretion in pigs: evaluation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Ewa Ostrowska ,
Danny Suster ,
Morley Muralitharan ,
Reg F. Cross ,
Brian J. Leury ,
Dale E. Bauman  and
Frank R. Dunshea
Ewa Ostrowska
Affiliation:
Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, 600 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
Danny Suster
Affiliation:
Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, 600 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
Morley Muralitharan
Affiliation:
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Reg F. Cross
Affiliation:
Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Brian J. Leury
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
Dale E. Bauman
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Frank R. Dunshea*
Affiliation:
Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, 600 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: Associate Professor Frank R. Dunshea, fax +61 3 9 742 0400, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Thirty female Large White × Landrace pigs (average weight 57·2 (SD 1·9) kg) were allocated to one of six dietary treatments containing 0, 1·25, 2·5, 5·0, 7·5 or 10·0 g 55 % conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers (CLA-55)/kg diet and fed for 8 weeks. Each pig was scanned at 0, 28 and 56 d and again at post slaughter using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine the temporal pattern of body composition responses. Values determined by DXA were adjusted using regression equations generated from validation experiments between chemically and DXA-predicted values. Overall, there was a significant linear reduction in fat content with the increasing levels of CLA in the diet (P=0·007, P=0·011, P=0·008 at week 4, week 8 and for the carcass, respectively). The greatest improvement was recorded at the early stages of CLA supplementation and for the highest dose of CLA (week 4, −19·2 % compared with week 8, −13·7 %). In the first 4 weeks of feeding CLA, pigs receiving 10 g CLA-55/kg diet deposited 93 g less fat/d than pigs fed basal diets (P=0·002) compared with only 6 g less fat than control animals in the final 4 weeks. Lean content and lean deposition rate were maximised at 5 and 2·5 g CLA-55/kg diet for the first 4 weeks (P=0·016) and the final 4 weeks of treatment (P=0·17), respectively. DXA estimates of bone mineral content and bone mineral density were not affected by CLA supplementation throughout the experiment. These data demonstrate that dietary CLA decreases body fat in a dose-dependent manner and that the response is greatest over the initial 4 weeks of treatment.

Keywords

Conjugated linoleic acidDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryBody compositionPig
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , February 2003 , pp. 219 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Anonymous (1997) Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes, 6th ed. National Health and Medical Research. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publications.Google Scholar
Baumgard, LH, Matitashvili, E, Corl, BA, Dwyer, DA & Bauman, DE (2002) Trans-10, cis-12 CLA decreases lipogenic rates and expression of genes involved in milk lipid synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2155–2163.Google Scholar
Blankson, H, Stakkestad, JA, Fagertun, H, Thom, E, Wadstein, J & Gudmundsen, O (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. Journal of Nutrition 130, 2943–2948.Google Scholar
Campbell, RG, Taverner, MR & Curic, DM (1985) The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg. Animal Production 40, 489–496.Google Scholar
Chin, SF, Storkson, JM, Albright, KJ, Cook, ME & Pariza, MW (1994) Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. Journal of Nutrition 124, 2344–2349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, RF, Ostrowska, E, Muralitharan, M & Dunshea, FR (2000) Mixed mode retention and the use of competing acid for the Ag-HPLC analysis of underivatized conjugated linoleic acids. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23, 317–323.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Deckere, EA, van Amelsvoort, JM, McNeill, GP & Jones, P (1999) Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on lipid levels and peroxisome proliferation in the hamster. British Journal of Nutrition 82, 309–317.Google Scholar
DeLany, JP, Blohm, F, Truett, AA, Scimeca, JA & West, DB (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. American Journal of Physiology 276, R1172–R1179.Google Scholar
Dugan, ME, Aalhus, JL, Schaefer, AL & Kramer, JK (1997) The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean repartitioning and feed conversion in pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, 723–725.Google Scholar
Dunshea, FR, King, RH, Campbell, RG, Sainz, RD & Kim, YS (1993) Interrelationships between sex and ractopamine on protein and lipid deposition in rapidly growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2919–2930.Google Scholar
Dunshea, FR, Ostrowska, E, Luxford, B, Smits, RJ, Campbell, RG, D'Souza, DN & Mullan, BP (2002) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid can decrease backfat in pigs housed under commercial conditions. Asian–Australasian Journal of Animal Science 15, 1011–1017.Google Scholar
Dunshea, FR, Ostrowska, E, Muralitharan, M, Cross, RF, Bauman, DE, Pariza, M & Skarie, C (1998) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid decreases backfat in growing gilts. Journal of Animal Science 76, 131.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M & Sloane-Stanley, GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haderslev, KV, Svendsen, OL & Staun, M (1999) Does para-centesis of ascites influence measurements of bone mineral or body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry? Metabolism 48, 373–377.Google Scholar
Harrell, RJ, Phillips, O, Jerome, DL, Boyd, RD, Dwyer, DA & Bauman, DE (2000) Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on milk composition and baby pig growth in lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 78, Suppl. 1, 137.Google Scholar
Heckart, ML, Eggert, JM, Schinckel, AP, Mills, SE & Donkin, SS (2000) Differential action of dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on lipogenic gene expression in adipose tissue of two porcine genotypes. Journal of Animal Science 78, Suppl. 1, 179.Google Scholar
Helrich, K (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc.Google Scholar
Li, Y & Watkins, BA (1998) Conjugated linoleic acids alter bone fatty acid composition and reduce ex vivo prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in rats fed n-6 or n-3 fatty acids. Lipids 33, 417–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, TY, Lin, CW & Lee, CH (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid concentration as affected by lactic cultures and added linoleic acid. Food Chemistry 67, 1–5.Google Scholar
Lukaski, HC, Marchello, MJ, Hall, CB, Schafer, DM & Siders, WA (1999) Soft tissue composition of pigs measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry: comparison with chemical analyses and effects of carcass thicknesses. Nutrition 15, 697–703.Google Scholar
Medina, EA, Horn, WF, Keim, NL, Havel, PJ, Benito, P, Kelley, DS, Nelson, GJ & Erickson, KL (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: effects on circulating leptin concentrations and appetite. Lipids 35, 783–788.Google Scholar
Mitchell, AD, Con way, JM & Scholz, AM (1996) Incremental changes in total and regional body composition of growing pigs measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Growth, Development and Aging 60, 95–105.Google Scholar
Mitchell, AD, Scholz, AM & Conway, JM (1998) Body composition analysis of small pigs by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2392–2398.Google Scholar
Ostrowska, E, Cross, RF, Muralitharan, M, Bauman, DE & Dunshea, FR (2002) Effects of dietary fat and conjugated linoleic acid on plasma metabolite concentrations and metabolic responses to homeostatic signals in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 88, 625–634.Google Scholar
Ostrowska, E, Dunshea, FR, Muralitharan, M & Cross, RF (2000) Comparison of silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic quantification of free and methylated conjugated linoleic acids. Lipids 35, 1147–1153.Google Scholar
Ostrowska, E, Muralitharan, M, Cross, RF, Bauman, DE & Dunshea, FR (1999) Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase lean tissue and decrease fat deposition in growing pigs. Journal of Nutrition 129, 2037–2042.Google Scholar
Pariza, MW, Park, Y & Cook, ME (2001) The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Progress in Lipid Research 40, 283–298.Google Scholar
Park, Y, Albright, KJ, Liu, W, Cook, ME & Pariza, MW (1995) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat content and isomers of CLA are incorporated into phospholipid fraction. In IFT Annual Meeting, p. 183. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology.Google Scholar
Park, Y, Albright, KJ, Storkson, JM, Liu, W, Cook, ME & Pariza, MW (1999 a) Changes in body composition in mice during feeding and withdrawal of conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 34, 243–248.Google Scholar
Park, Y & Pariza, MW (1998) Evidence that commercial calf and horse sera can contain substantial amounts of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 33, 817–819.Google Scholar
Park, Y, Storkson, JM, Albright, KJ, Liu, W & Pariza, MW (1999 b) Evidence that the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Lipids 34, 235–241.Google Scholar
Payne, RW, Lane, PW & Genstat 5 Committee (1993) Genstat 5 Reference Manual. Oxford, UK: Oxford Science Publications.Google Scholar
Poulos, SP, Azain, MJ & Hausman, GJ (2000) In utero dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) alters body composition and growth rate in new-born pigs. Journal of Animal Science 78, Suppl. 1, 137.Google Scholar
Riserus, U, Berglund, L & Vessby, B (2001) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 25, 1129–1135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satory, DL & Smith, SB (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits proliferation but stimulates lipid filling of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Journal of Nutrition 129, 92–97.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture (1987) Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Pigs. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publications.Google Scholar
Suster, D, Leury, BJ, Hofmeyr, CD, Wark, JD & Dunshea, FR (2001) Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts lean yield in the half carcass and primal cuts of the pig. In Manipulating Pig Production, vol. VIII, p. 81 [Cranwell, PD, editor]. Werribee, Australia: Australasian Pig Science Association.Google Scholar
Suster, D, Leury, BJ, Wark, JD, Kerton, DJ, Ostrowska, E & Dunshea, FR (2000) Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry to predict whole body and carcass composition in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 78, 145.Google Scholar
Thiel-Cooper, RL, Parrish, FC Jr, Sparks, JC, Wiegand, BR & Ewan, RC (2001) Conjugated linoleic acid changes swine performance and carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1821–1828.Google Scholar
Wang, MY, Lee, Y & Unger, RH (1999) Novel form of lipolysis induced by leptin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 17541–17544.Google Scholar
Watkins, BA & Seifert, MF (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid and bone biology (In Process Citation). Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19, 478S–486S.Google Scholar
Whigham, LD, Cook, ME & Atkinson, RL (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health. Pharmacological Research 42, 503–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittemore, C (1993) Value of fats in pig diets. In The Science and Practice of Pig Production, pp. 323–328. London: Longman Scientific and Technical.Google Scholar
Zambell, KL, Keim, NL, Van Loan, MD, Gale, B, Benito, P, Kelley, DS & Nelson, GJ (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: effects on body composition and energy expenditure. Lipids 35, 777–782.Google Scholar