Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:17:42.058Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Complex carbohydrate digestion and large bowel fermentation in rats given wholemeal bread and cooked haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) fed in mixed diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Flona B. Key
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU
J. C. Matherst
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The digestion of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and of resistant starch (RS) by rats fed on wholemeal-bread-based diets containing 0-450 g cooked, freeze-dried haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgavis)/kg diet was measured over the final 14 d of a 21 d feeding experiment. The bread and beans provided all the dietary polysaccharide. RS could not be detected consistently in faeces and it was assumed that this fraction was entirely fermented in the large bowel (LB). NSP digestibilities were 0.56 and 0.86 for wholemeal bread and beans respectively with no evidence that the dietary presence of beans affected digestibility of bread NSP. Bean non-cellulosic polysaccharides were highly digestible with values of 0.98, 0.88 and 0.99 for arabinose, xylose and uronic acids components respectively. There were large increases in organic matter flow to the LB when beans were fed which was associated with marked caecal hypertrophy and alterations in caecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) pattern. Calculated VFA absorption from the LB was 5-fold higher with the highest level of beans and this was reflected in higher concentrations of VFA in portal and heart blood.

Type
Physiological Responses to Complex Carbohydrates
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Bach Knudsen, K. E., Munck, L. & Eggum, B. O. (1988). Effect of cooking, pH and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)food ugali. British Journal of Nutrition 59, 3147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bender, A. E. & Mohammodiha, H. (1981). Low digestibility of legume nitrogen. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 66A.Google Scholar
Cheng, B.-Q., Trimble, R. P., Illman, R. J., Stone, B. A. & Topping, D. L. (1987). Comparative effects of dietary wheat bran and its morphological components (aleurone and pericarp-seed coat) on volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 6976.Google Scholar
Cummings, J. H. & Englyst, H. N. (1987). Fermentation in the human large intestine and the available substrates. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 12431255.Google Scholar
Demeyer, D. I. & Van Nevel, C. J. (1975). Methanogenesis, an integrated part of carbohydrate fermentation, and its control. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant pp. 366382 [McDonald, I. W. and Warner, A. C. I., editors]. Armidale: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1984). Diet and Cardiovascular Disease. Report of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: H. M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N. & Cummings, J. H. (1984). Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as the alditol acetates. Analyst 109, 937942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, H. N. & Cummings, J. H. (1985). Digestion of the polysaccharides of some cereal foods in the human smail intestine. American Journal of Clinicul Nutrition 42, 778787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, H. N., Hay, S. & Macfarlane, G. T. (1987). Polysaccharide breakdown by mixed populations of human faecal bacteria. FEMS Microbiological Letters 45, 163171.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N. & Kingman, S. M. (1990). Dietary fiber and resistant starch. A nutritional classification of plant polysaccharides. In Dietary Fiber pp. 4965 [Kritchevsky, D.Bonfield, C. and Anderson, J. W., editors]. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faichney, G. J. (1975). The use of markers to partition digestion within the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant pp. 277291 [McDonald, I. W. and Warner, A. C. I., editors]. Armidale: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Gee, J. M. & Johnson, I. T. (1983). The influence of cooked kidney beans (Phaseolus vu1guri.s) on intestinal cell turnover and faecal nitrogen excretion in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 49. 303312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, J. S. & Mathers, J. C. (1988). Effects of food carbohydrates on large intestinal fermentation in vitro. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 176A.Google Scholar
Goodlad, J. S. & Mathers, J. C. (1990). Large bowel fermentation in rats given diets containing raw peas (Pisum sativuni). British Journal of Nutrition 64, 569587.Google Scholar
Goodlad, J. S. & Mathers, J. C. (1991). Digestion by pigs of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat and raw peas (Pisum sativum) fed in mixed diets. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 259270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, J. S. & Mathers, J. C. (1992). Digestion of complex carbohydrates and large bowel fermentation in rats fed on raw and cooked peas (Pisum sativum). British Journal of Nutrition 67, 475488.Google Scholar
Key, F. B. & Mathers, J. C. (1989). Effects on volatile fatty acid production and gut epithelial proliferation of adding haricot beans to a wholemeal bread diet. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 48, 47A.Google Scholar
Key, F. B. & Mathers, J. C. (1990). Estimation of the digestibilities of NSP for wholemeal bread and haricot beans fed in mixed diets. In Dietary Fibre: Chemical and Biological Aspects pp. 254258 [Southgate, D. A. T.Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Key, F. B. & Mathers, J. C. (1993). Gastrointestinal responses of rats fed on white and wholemeal breads: complex carbohydrate digestibility and the influence of dietary fat content. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 481495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liener, I. E. & Kakade, M. L. (1980). Protease inhibitors. In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffx. [Liener, I. E., editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, B., Burrin, J., Smythe, P. & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1978). Enzymic Ruorimetric continuous flow assays for blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Clinical Chemistry 34, 17241729.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, G. T. & Englyst, H. N. (1986). Starch utilization by the human large intestinal microflora. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 60, 195201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNeil, N. I., Cummings, J. H. & James, W. P. T. (1978). SCFA absorption by the human large intestine. Gut 19, 819822.Google Scholar
Mason, V. C. & Palmer, R. (1973). The influence of bacterial activity in the alimentary canal of rats on faecal nitrogen excretion. Acta Agriculturue Scandinavica 23, 141150.Google Scholar
Mathers, J. C. & Dawson, L. D. (1991). Large bowel fermentation in rats eating processed potatoes. British Journal of Nutrition 66, 313329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathers, J. C., Fernandez, F., Hill, M. J., McCarthy, P. T., Shearer, M. J. & Oxley, A. (1990). Dietary modification of potential vitamin K supply from enteric bacterial menaquinones in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 63, 639652.Google Scholar
Mitchell, H.H. (1964). Comparative Nutrition of Man and Domestic Animals. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
National Food Survey Committee (1990). Household Food Consumption and Expenditure 1989. London: H. M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Paul, A.A. & Southgate, D.A.T. (1978). McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th revised ed. London: H. M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Prosky, L.,Asp, N.-G., Furda, I., Devries, J.W., Schweizer, T.F. & Harland, B.F. (1984). Determination of total dietary fibre in foods, food products and total diets: interlaboratory study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 67, 10441051.Google Scholar
Ranhotra, G.S., Gelroth, J.A. & Bright, P.H. (1988). Effect of the source of fiber in bread on intestinal responses and nutrient digestibilities. Cereal Chemistry 65, 912.Google Scholar
Reddy, N.R., Pierson, M.D., Sathe, S.K. & Salunkhe, D.K. (1984). Chemical, nutritional and physiological aspects of dry bean carbohydrates -a review. Food Chemistry 13, 2568.Google Scholar
Rémésy, C. & Demigne, C. (1989). Specific effects of fermentable carbohydrates on blood urea flux and ammonia absorption in the rat cecum. Journal of Nutrition 119, 560565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruppin, H., Bar-Meir, S., Soergel, K.H. & Schmitt, M.G. (1980). Absorption of SCFA by the colon. Gastroenterology 78, 15001507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, J.B. & Hespell, R.B. (1981). Microbial rumen fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science 64, 11531169.Google Scholar
Seal, J.C. & Mathers, J.C. (1989). Intestinal zinc transfer by everted gut sacs from rats given diets containing different amounts and types of dietary fibre. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 151163.Google Scholar
Shutler, S.M., Bircher, G.M., Tredger, J. A., Morgan, L.M., Walker, A.F. & Low, A.G. (1989). The effect of daily baked bean (Phuseolus vulgaris) consumption on plasma lipid levels of young normo-cholesterolaemic men. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 257265.Google Scholar
Shutler, S.M., Walker, A.F. & Low, A.G. (1987 a). The cholesterol-lowering effects of legumes. 1. Effects of the major nutrients. Human Nutrition: Food Science and Nutrition 41F, 7186.Google Scholar
Shutler, S.M., Walker, A.F. & Low, A.G. (1987 b). The cholesterol-lowering effects of legumes. 2. Effects of fibre, sterols, saponins and isoflavones. Human Nutrition: Food Science and Nutrition 41F, 87102.Google Scholar
Skurpakkar, K.S., Sundaravalli, O. E. & Rao, M.N. (1979). In vitro and in vivo digestibility of legume carbohydrates. Nutrition Reports International 19, 111117.Google Scholar
Southgate, D.A.T., Branch, W.J., Hill, M.J., Drasar, B.S., Walters, R.L., Davies, P.S. & McLean Baird, I. (1976). Metabolic responses to dietary supplements of bran. Metabolism 25, 11291135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephen, A.M. & Cummings, J.H. (1980). Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon. Nature 284, 283284.Google Scholar
Stephen, A.M., Wiggins, H.S., Englyst, H.N., Cole, T.J., Wayman, B.J. & Cummings, J.H. (1986). The effect of age, sex and level of intake of dietary fibre from wheat on large-bowel function in thirty healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 349361.Google Scholar
Thompson, A. (1970). Rat metabolism cage. Journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians 21, 1221.Google Scholar
Tobin, G. & Carpenter, K.J. (1978). The nutritional value of the dry bean (Phuseolus vdgaris):a literature review. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 48A, 919936.Google Scholar
Tulung, B., Rémésy, C. & Demigne, C. (1987). Specific effects of guar gum or gum arabic on adaptation of caecal digestion to high fiber diets in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 117, 15561561.Google Scholar
Van Dokkum, W., Pikaar, N.A. & Thissen, J.T.N. (1983). Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread. 2. Dietary fibre from bread: digestibility by the intestinal microflora and water-holding capacity in the colon of human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 6174.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P.J. & Wine, R.H. (1967). Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. 1V. Determination of cell wall constituents. Journal of the Associution of Official Analytical Chemists 50, 5055.Google Scholar
Wilder, B.M. & Albersheim, I. (1973). The structure of plant cell walls. IV. A structural comparison of the wall hemicellulose of cell suspension cultures of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and of red kidney bean (Phuseolus vulgar is). Plant Physiology 51, 889893.Google Scholar
Wyatt, G.M., Horn, N., Gee, .I. M. & Johnson, I. T. (1988). Intestinal microflora and gastrointestinal adaptation in the rat in response to non-digestible dietary polysaccharides. British Journal of Nutrition 60, 197207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zar, J.H. (1974). Biostatistical Analysis. p. 257. Englewood Cliffs N. J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar