Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T14:18:29.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative effects of four legume species on plasma lipids and faecal steroid excretion in hypercholesterolaemic pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Susan M. Kingman ,
Ann F. Walker ,
A. G. Low ,
I. E. Sambrook ,
R. W. Owen  and
T. J. Cole
Susan M. Kingman
Affiliation:
Departmenf of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 2A P
Ann F. Walker
Affiliation:
Departmenf of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 2A P
A. G. Low
Affiliation:
Departmenf of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 2A P
I. E. Sambrook
Affiliation:
Departmenf of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Reading RG6 2A P
R. W. Owen
Affiliation:
PHLS, CAMR, Division of Biotechnology, Sensor Development Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts SP4 OJG
T. J. Cole
Affiliation:
Dunn Nutritional Laboratory, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1 XJ
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of four species of legume seeds on plasma cholesterol levels and faecal steroid excretion was studied in pigs. Thirty-six growing boars were randomly allocated in groups of six to six diets which they ate continuously for 42 d. The diets fed were: 1, a semi-purified (SP; control group 1) diet; 2, SP 10 g cholesterol/kg (control group 2); 3, 4, 5, 6, SP + cooked legumes (70:30, w/w; respectively baked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peas (Pisum sativum), lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.), butter beans (Phaseolus lunatus)) + 10 g cholesterol/kg. Fasting blood samples were taken on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 for the determination of total plasma cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Between days 7 and 11 and days 28 and 32 complete 5 d faecal collections were made for the measurement of neutral, acidic and conjugated steroids. After 42 d total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were raised significantly in all groups, but to different extents. In comparison with control group 2, diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia was significantly inhibited in the groups consuming baked beans, peas and butter beans, although HDL-cholesterol levels were maintained. Faecal steroid excretion by the legume groups was not significantly different from that of control group 2. The results suggest that the mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic effect does not involve increased hepatic bile acid synthesis and thereby increased cholesterol clearance via the intestinal route.

Keywords

LegumesHypocholesterolaemic effectLipid metabolismPigs
Type
Effects of Lagumes on Lipid and Sterol Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 69 , Issue 2 , March 1993 , pp. 409 - 421
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Almé, B. A., Bremmelgaard, A., Sjovall, J. & Thomassen, P. (1977). Analysis of metabolic profiles of bile acids in urine using lipophilic anion exchange and computerised gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Lipid Research 18, 339–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. W., Story, L., Sieling, B., Chen, W.-J. L., Petro, M. S. & Story, J. (1984). Hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat-bran or bean intake for hypercholesterolaemic men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 1146–1155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1980). Oficial Methods of Analysis, 13th ed. Washington, D.C.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1984). Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Convnittee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 28. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N. & Cummings, J. H. (1988). Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods. Journal of the Association of Oficial Analytical Chemists 71, 808–814.Google Scholar
Fumagalli, R., Soleri, L., Farina, R., Mantero, O., Noseda, G. & Gatti, E. (1982). Faecal cholesterol excretion studies in type I1 hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with soyabean protein diet. Atherosclerosis 43, 341–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grundy, S. M. (1983). Absorption and metabolism of dietary cholesterol. Annual Review of Nutrition 3, 71–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, R. M. G. & Carroll, K. K. (1976). Plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits fed low fat low cholesterol diets; effects of dietary proteins, carbohydrates and fibre from different sources. Atherosclerosis 24, 47–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hulcher, F. H. & Margolis, R. D. (1982). Rate-limiting, diurnal activity of hepatic microsomal cholesterol-7-hydroxylase in pigeons with high serum cholesterol. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 712, 242–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Commission on Oils, Fats and Derivatives (1979). Standard Methodsfor the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 6th ed. pp. 96–98 [Paquot, C., editor]. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Kim, D. N., Lee, K. T., Reiner, J. M. & Thomas, W. A. (1978). Effects of a soy protein product on serum and tissue cholesterol concentrations in swine fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets. Experitnental and Molecular Pathology 29, 385–399.Google Scholar
Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S. A., Czarnecki, S. K. & Klurfeld, D. M. (1982). Atherogenicity of animal and vegetable protein: influence of the lysine to arginine ratio. Atherosclerosis 41, 429–431.Google Scholar
Mahadevappa, V. G. & Raina, P. L. (1983). Hypocholesterolaemic effect of cowpca in rats on atherogenic diet. Indian Journal of Medical Research 78, 819–823.Google Scholar
Marshall, C. M. & Walker, A. F. (1978). Comparison of a short method for Kjeldahl digestion using a trace of selenium as a catalyst, with other methods. Journal ofthe Science of Food and Agriculture 29, 940–942.Google Scholar
Mathur, K. S., Khan, M. A. & Sharma, R. D. (1968). Hypocholesterolaemic effect of Bengal gram. British Medical Journal i, 30–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathur, K. S., Singhal, S. S. & Sharma, R. D. (1964). Effect of Bengal gram on experimentally induced high levels of cholesterol in tissues and serum in albino rats. Journal of Nutrition 84, 201–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, E. R. & Ullrey, D. E. (1987). The pig as a model for human nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition 7, 361–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nestel, P. J. & Poyser, A. (1976). Change in cholesterol synthesis and excretion when cholesterol intake is increased. Metabolism 25, 1591–1599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noseda, G., Fragiacomo, C., Descovich, G. C., Fumagalli, R., Bernini, F. & Sirtori, C. R. (1980). Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of the soya bean protein diet. In Drugs Aflecting Lipid Metabolism, pp. 355–362 [Fumagalli, R., Kritchevsky, D. and Paoletti, R., editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Olson, R. E., Vester, J. W., Gursey, D., Davis, N. & Longman, D. (1958). The effect of low protein diets upon serum cholesterol in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 6, 310–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, R. W., Thompson, M. H. & Hill, M. J. (1984). Analysis of metabolic profiles of steroids in the faeces of healthy subjects undergoing chenodeoxycholic acid treatment, by liquid-gel chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 21, 593–600.Google Scholar
Quintao, E. C. R., Grundy, S. M. & Ahrens, E. H. Jr (1971). Effects of dietary cholesterol on the regulation of total body cholesterol in man. Journal of Lipid Research 12, 233–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shutler, S. M. (1988). Investigations into the hypocholesterolaemic effect of legumes. PhD Thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Shutler, S. M., Bircher, G. M., Tredger, J. A., Morgan, L. M., Walker, A. F. & Low, A. G. (1989). The effect of daily baked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaernic men. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 257–265.Google Scholar
Shutler, S. M., Walker, A. F. & Low, A. G. (1987). The cholesterol-lowering effect of legumes. I. Effects of the major nutrients. Human Nutrition: Food Sciences and Nutrition 41F, 71–86.Google Scholar
Soni, G. L., George, M. & Singh, R. (1982). Role of common Indian pulses as hypocholesterolaernic agents. Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 19, 184–190.Google Scholar
Terpstra, A. H. M., van Tinteln, G. & West, C. E. (1982). The hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary soy protein in rats. Journal of Nutrition 112, 810–817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar