Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T18:33:16.081Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A 3-month, double-blind, controlled trial of feeding with sucrose polyester in human volunteers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2007

Sean M. Kelly ,
Maria Shorthouse ,
Josephine C. Cotterell ,
Alex M. Riordan ,
Alison J. Lee ,
David I. Thurnham ,
Rudolf Hanka  and
John O. Hunter
Sean M. Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Maria Shorthouse
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Josephine C. Cotterell
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Alex M. Riordan
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Alison J. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
David I. Thurnham
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Rudolf Hanka
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
John O. Hunter*
Affiliation:
Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
*
‡Corresponding author: Dr John O. Hunter, fax 01 223 211443
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sucrose polyester (SPE) is a tasteless, odourless substance which reduces plasma cholesterol concentrations and may therefore be valuable as a fat substitute in human foodstuffs. It has recently been approved for use in snack foods by the United States Federal Drug Administration. The current study was designed to investigate its effects on gastrointestinal physiology and nutrient absorption in human subjects. A 6-month (2×3-month periods) double-blind, lacebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over trial of SPE and control fat was performed in healthy free-living volunteers. Subjects consumed 20–40 g of SPE daily (mean 26·8 (se 6·8) g) which reduced the intake of total and saturated fat but had no effect on energy intake or body weight. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols were reduced. The frequency of bowel movements and their urgency were increased and anal leakage occured in 7·2% of subjects. Abdominal pain was more frequent in subjects receiving SPE and was significantly greater than in the control group after 8 weeks feeding. The plasma concentrations of vitamin E and six carotenoids were significantly reduced. Routine haematology and biochemistry, other vitamins, intestinal biopsies, bile-salt retention, rectal prostaglandins, fractional Ca absorption and aminopyrine metabolism were unaffected. The ingestion of foods containing 20–40 g SPE daily provoked significant gastro-intestinal problems. This intake is greater than that to be expected from the use of SPE in savoury snack foods, for which it has been approved by the United States Federal Drug Administration. However, the favourable effects on lipid profiles must be balanced against the reduction in the concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids, as these compounds may have beneficial effects on health through protection from free-radical oxidative stress.

Keywords

Sucrose polyesterAbsorptionCholesterol
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , July 1998 , pp. 41 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Aggarwal, AM, Camilleri, M, Phillips, SF, Schlagheck, TG, Brown, ML & Thomforde, GM (1993) Olestra, a nondigestible, non-absorbable fat: effects on gastrointestinal and colonic transit. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38, 1009–1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armitage, P & Berry, G (1987) Statistical Methods for Medical Research, 2nd ed, pp. 222–226. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Behrens, RH, Szaz, KF, Northrop, C, Elia, M & Neale, G (1987) Radionucleide tests for assessment of intestinal permeability. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 17, 100–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergholz, CM, Jandacek, RJ & Thomson, ABR (1991) Review of laboratory and clinical studies of Olestra, a nonabsorbable lipid. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5, 137–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catignani, GL & Bieri, JG (1983) Simultaneous determination of retinol and α tocopherol in serum or plasma by liquid chromatography. Clinical Chemistry 24, 708–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connett, JE, Kuller, LH & Kjelsberg, MO (1989) Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT) study. Cancer 64, 126–134.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crouse, JR & Grundy, SM (1979) Effects of SPE on cholesterol metabolism in man. Metabolism 28, 994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, JH & Wiggins, HS (1976) Transit through the gut measured by analysis of a single stool. Gut 17, 219–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fallat, RW, Glueck, CJ, Lutmer, R & Mattson, FH (1976) Short-term study of sucrose polyester, a nonabsorbable fat-like material as a dietary agent for lowering plasma cholesterol. Clinical Nutrition 29, 1204–1215.Google ScholarPubMed
Gaziano, JM, Manson, JE, Ridker, PM, Buring, JE & Hennekens, CH (1990) Beta carotene therapy for chronic stable angina. Circulation 82, 111–201.Google Scholar
Glueck, CJ, Hastings, MM, Allen, C, Hogg, E, Baehler, L, Gartside, PS, Phillips, D, Jones, M, Hollenbach, EJ, Braun, B & Anastasia, JV (1982) Sucrose polyester and covert caloric dilution. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 1352–1359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glueck, CJ, Mattson, FF & Jandacek, RJ (1979) The lowering of plasma cholesterol by sucrose polyester in subjects consuming diets with 800, 300 or less than 50mg of cholesterol per day. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 1636–1644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenberg, ER & Sporn, MB (1996) Antioxidant vitamins, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 334, 1189–1190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grundy, SM, Ahrens, EH Jr & Miettinen, TA (1965) Quantitative isolation and gas liquid chromatographic analysis of total fecal bile acids. Journal of Lipid Research 6, 397–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hennekens, CH (1986) Micronutrients and cancer prevention. New England Journal of Medicine 315, 1288–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hepner, EW & Vesell, ES (1975) Quantitative assessment of hepatic function by breath analysis after oral administration of C14 aminopyrine. Annals of Internal Medicine 83, 632–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollis, BW & Frank, NE (1985) Solid phase extraction system for vitamin D and its major metabolites in human plasma. Journal of Chromatography 343, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunter, JO (1991) Food intolerance and the irritable bowel syndrome. In Irritable Bowel Syndrome,, pp. 203–219 [Read, NW, editor] London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Jandacek, RJ (1984) Studies with sucrose polyester. International Journal of Obesity 8, 13–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Jones, DY, Miller, KW, Koonsvitsky, BP, Ebert, ML, Lin, PYT, Jones, MB & DeLuca, HF (1991) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of free-living subjects consuming Olestra. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1281–1287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juno, K & Pergande, M (1984) Glucaric acid. In Methods of Enzyme Analysis., 3rd ed., pp. 228–238. Deerfield Beach, Florida: Weinheim.Google Scholar
Kelly, SM & Hunter, JO (1996) The effect of a non-absorbable fat substitute, sucrose polyester, on gastrointestinal function. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10, 715–720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacFarlane, GT, Cummings, JH, Allison, C (1986) Protein degradation by human intestinal bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 132, 1647–1656.Google ScholarPubMed
Manku, MS, Horrobin, DF, Huang, YS & Morse, N (1983) Fatty acids in plasma and red cell membranes. Lipids 18, 906–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mellies, MJ, Jandacek, RJ & Taulbee, JD (1983) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sucrose polyester in hypercholester-olemic out-patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 339–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellies, MJ, Vitale, C, Jandacek, RJ, Lamkin, GE & Glueck, CJ (1985) The substitution of sucrose polyester for dietary fat in obese, hypercholesterolemic out-patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyhlin, H, Merrick, MV, Eastwood, MA & Bryden, WG (1983) Evaluation of ileal function using SeHCAT. An initial assessment. Gastroenterology 84, 63–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecker, RR, Bammi, A, Barger-Lux, MJ & Heaney, RP (1988) Calcium absorbability from milk products, an imitation milk and calcium carbonate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 93–95.Google Scholar
Rampton, DS, Sladen, JE, Bhakoo, KK, Heinzelmann, DI & Youlton, JK (1980) Rectal mucosal PGE release and electrolyte transport in ulcerative colitis. Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research 8, 1621–1625.Google Scholar
Rolls, BJ, Pirraglia, PA, Jones, MB & Peters, JC (1992) Effects of Olestra, a noncaloric fat substitute, on daily energy and fat intakes in lean men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 84–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurnham, DI & Flora, PS (1988) Do higher vitamin A requirements in men explain the difference between the sexes in plasma provitamin A carotenoids and retinol. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 181A.Google Scholar
Thurnham, DI, Smith, E, Flora, PS (1988) Concurrent liquid chromatography assay of retinol, α tocopherol, β carotene, α carotene, lycopene and β cryptoxanthene in plasma with tocopherol acetate as internal standard. Clinical Chemistry 34, 377–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toma, RB, Curtis, DJ & Sobotor, C (1988) Sucrose polyester: Its metabolic role and possible future applications. Food Technology. January 1988, pp. 93–95.Google Scholar
Wald, NJ, Thompson, SG, Densem, JW, Boreham, J & Bailey, A (1988) Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: Results from the BUPA study. British Journal of Cancer 57, 428–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westrate, JA & van het Hof, KH (1995) Sucrose polyester and plasma carotenoid concentrations in healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 591–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar