Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:03:08.328Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘There is a shark coming, then there is a du-du-du-du-du…’: Mediating cultural tools in a Norwegian creative music-making project

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2019

Tine Grieg Viig*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences and The Grieg Academy, Faculty of Fine Art, Music and Design, University of Bergen, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, Postbox 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article reports on a case study in a Norwegian primary school where nearly 50 fifth-grade pupils took part in a creative music-making project. Facilitated by two professional artists, they created an original piece of music and performed their composition for an audience at the end of the project week. A substantial part of the data consisted of recorded sounds, notations, transcribed interviews and documentations of the process of music composition from the first ideas to the final performance. The analysis was conducted from a sociocultural perspective with a special focus on the mediating tools used in the community of creative musical practice. The findings suggest that the cultural tools used in the project were dynamic and interactive, employed by both the facilitators and the participants. The mediating tools found in the creative music making make up a complex toolbox the participants share and develop, consisting of both psychological and material tools. There were three main categories of mediating tools identified. First, the use of symbolic signs, such as graphic notation, was important from the initial stages when the participants developed musical ideas to the final performance. Second, the actions and interactions of music making, such as conducting gestures shared and developed through the project, were both founded on traditional conductor signs but also transformed and adapted to new ways of mediating musical meaning in this particular project. Third, the participants worked with ‘creative reworkings’ of experiences in this project. Through the transformation of previous experiences into the creation of new musical material, important mediating tools were identified as experiences and meaning in the creative musical practice.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ALLSUP, R. E. (2003) Mutual learning and democratic action in instrumental music education. Journal of Research in Music Education, 51(1), 2437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BARRETT, M. S. (2001) Constructing a view of children’s meaning-making as notators: A case-study of a five-year-old’s descriptions and explanations of invented notations. Research Studies in Music Education, 16(1), 3345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BARRETT, M. S. (2011) Towards a cultural psychology of music education. In Barrett, M. S. (ed.) A Cultural Psychology of Music Education (pp. 115). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
BRESLER, L. & STAKE, R. (1992) Qualitative research methodology in music education. In Colwell, R. (ed.), Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning (pp. 7590). New York: Schirmer.Google Scholar
BRUNER, J. S. (1990) Acts of Meaning. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
BRUNER, J. S. (1996) The Culture of Education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
BURNARD, P. & YOUNKER, B. A. (2008) Investigating children’s musical interactions within the activities systems of group composing and arranging: an application of Engeström’s Activity Theory. International Journal of Educational Research, 47(1), 6074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BYGDEUS, P. (2015) Medierande verktyg i körledarpraktik - en studie av arbetssätt och handling i körledning med barn och unga [Mediating Tools in the Practice of Choir Directors–A Study of Working Approaches and Actions in Choral Conducting with Children and Youth]. Doctoral diss., Studies in Music and Music Education No. 20, Lund University, Malmö.Google Scholar
CHRISTOPHERSEN, C., BREIVIK, J.-K., HOMME, A. D. & RYKKJA, L. H. (2015) The Cultural Rucksack. http://www.kulturradet.no/vis-publikasjon/-/publication-the-cultural-rucksack.Google Scholar
ESPELAND, M. (2010) Dichotomies in music education–real or unreal? Music Education Research, 12(2), 129139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GREEN, L. (2009) Music, Informal Learning and the School: A New Classroom Pedagogy. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.Google Scholar
HULTBERG, C. (2002) Approaches to music notation: The printed score as a mediator of meaning in Western tonal tradition. Music Education Research, 4(2), 185197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HULTBERG, C. (2011) Making music or playing instruments: secondary students’ use of cultural tools in aural- and notation-based instrumental learning and teaching. In Barrett, M. (ed.), A Cultural Psychology of Music Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
KANELLOPOULOS, P. A. (2010) Towards a sociological perspective on researching children’s creative music-making practices: An exercise in self-consciousness. In Wright, R. (ed.), Sociology and Music Education (pp. 115138). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.Google Scholar
KOZULIN, A. (1986) Vygotsky in context. In Vygotsky, L. S. (ed.), Thought and Language. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
KOZULIN, A. (2003) Psychological tools and mediated learning. In Kozulin, A., Gindis, B., Ageyev, V. S., &Miller, S. M. (eds.), Vygotsky’s Educational Theory in Cultural Context (pp. 1538). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KRESS, G. (2000) Multimodality: Challenges to thinking about language. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 337340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KVALE, S. & BRINKMANN, S. (2009) Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Los Angeles: Sage.Google Scholar
MARS, A. (2016) Past and present intertwining when learning is at stake: Composing and learning in a music theatre project. International Journal of Education and the Arts, 17(23), 127.Google Scholar
ROGOFF, B. (1990) Apprenticeship in Thinking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
ROGOFF, B. (2003) The Cultural Nature of Human Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
SÄLJÖ, R. (2006) Læring og kulturelle redskaper: om læreprosesser og den kollektive hukommelsen [Learning and Cultural Tools: Learning Processes and the Collective Memory]. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag.Google Scholar
STAKE, R. E. (1995) The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
STAKE, R. E. (2006) Multiple Case Study Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
UTDANNINGSDIREKTORATET [THE NORWEGIAN DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION And TRAINING]. (2006) Læreplan i musikk: Hovedområder [Curriculum in Music: Main Areas]. http://www.udir.no/kl06/MUS1-01/Hele/Hovedomraader/.Google Scholar
VYGOTSKY, L. S. (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge: Harvard university press.Google Scholar
VYGOTSKY, L. S. (1986) Thought and Language (Kozulin, A., Trans.). Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
VYGOTSKY, L. S. (2004) Imagination and creativity in childhood. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 42(1), 797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALLERSTEDT, C. (2010) Att peka ut det osynliga i rörelse: En didaktisk studie av taktart i musik. PhD diss., Göteborg: Högskolan för scen och musik, Göteborgs Universitet.Google Scholar
WALLERSTEDT, C. (2013) ‘Here comes the sausage’: An empirical study of children’s verbal communication during a collaborative music-making activity. Music Education Research, 15(4), 421434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALLERSTEDT, C. & PRAMLING, N. (2012) Learning to play in a goal-directed practice. Early Years, 32(1), 515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALLERSTEDT, C. & PRAMLING, N. (2015) Playing by “the connected ear”: An empirical study of adolescents learning to play a pop song using Internet-accessed resources. Research Studies in Music Education, 37(2) 195213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALLERSTEDT, C., PRAMLING, N. & SÄLJÖ, R. (2014) Learning to discern and account: The trajectory of a listening skill in an institutional setting. Psychology of Music, 42(3), 366385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WATSON, A. & FORREST, D. (2008) Nurturing the careers of Australia’s future composers. International Journal of Music Education, 26(4), 315325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WERTSCH, J. V. (2004) Voices of Collective Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
WERTSCH, J. V. (2007) Mediation. In Daniels, H., Cole, M., & Wertsch, J. V. (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Vygotsky (pp. 178192). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WERTSCH, J. V. & RUPERT, L. J. (1993) The authority of cultural tools in a sociocultural approach to mediated agency. Cognition and Instruction, 11(3/4), 227239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YIN, R. K. (2014) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Vol. 5). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar