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The Constables of Everingham the Fortunes of a Catholic Royalist Family During the Civil War and Interregnum1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

Peter Roebuck
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Extract

Of the three major branches of the Yorkshire family of Constable, one, the Constables of Flamborough, was Parliamentarian and Puritan at the outbreak of the Civil War; the other two, those of Burton Constable and Everingham, were Royalist and Catholic. This article is concerned with the fortunes of the Everingham branch, who, by 1642, were owners of substantial amounts of landed property in both Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Their house at Middle Rasen in Lincolnshire, where they spent most of their time before the War, was surrounded by an estate of 3000 acres, while the Yorkshire estate consisted of 3000 acres in and around Everingham in the East Riding, 1000 acres at Drax in the West Riding, land in Holderness and a house in York.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , April 1967 , pp. 75 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 1967

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References

1. I am greatly indebted to Mr. N. Higson, the East Riding County Archivist, for the assistance and advice which he gave me while I was consulting the family papers of the Constables of Everingham in the Record Office at Beverley, I would also like to thank Dr. H. A. Lloyd of the History Department at the University of Hull and Mr. J. A. Williams of Endsleigh College of Education, Hull, both of whom read the original draft of this article, which has since been revised in the light of their criticisms and suggestions.

2. DDEV/59/9, 29.

3. DDEV/9/77; 68/248, 25, 26. 30, 77; Aveling, H., “Catholics and Parliamentary Sequestrations”, A.J., June 1959, 110;Google Scholar Wilton, R. C., “A List of Guests at Everingham Park, Christmas, 1662”, C.R.S., Vol. 27, 1927, 263;Google Scholar R.C.H.M., 1964, “Newark on Trent. The Civil War Siegeworks”, 95.

4. DDEV/50/33; 55/35; 68/248, 25, 30, 32, 38. A letter of Protection from General Fairfax arrived too late to prevent this confiscation, but that it was obtained is interesting in view of later remarks about his relation to the Constables. (DDEV/68/248, 25). See below.

5. Aveling, op. cit., 104-106; DDEV/1/29, 30; 68/248, 26.

6. DDEV/44/132; 50/34, 37, 38, 116; 53/13-17, 66, 85, 94, 95; 60/2, 3; C.C.C., 1323. This second sequestration took place in the autumn of 1650.

7. C.C.C., 1323-4; DDEV/44/132, 190; 50/203; 68/248, 26, 28.

8. This was according to the Commissioners’ own valuation.

9. C.C.C., 587, 1323; DDEV/50/164, 5; 59/9; 68/248, 33, 41, 47, 57. The family were also allowed a fifth of the profits from the Lincolnshire estate. (DDEV/44/190).

10. DDEV/68/248, 30, 31, 35, 36, 39; C.J., Vol. 7, 1651-59, 153, 198-202; Firth, C. H. and Rait, R. S., Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-60, Vol. 2, 623–652.Google Scholar For another example of a Catholic who was included in a Treason Act, see: Meredith, R., “A Derbyshire Family in the seventeenth Century: The Eyres of Hassop and Their Forfeited Estates’, R.H., Vol. 8, no. 1, Jan. 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Pages 1 and 27-29 contain a discussion of the Treason Acts.

11. The authorities knew Marmaduke to be a recusant as early as May 1651. (DDEV/44/132).

12. C.C.C., 1323; DDEV/50/206-8, 210, 211, 235-6; 53/6.

13. Robert Shirburne addressed him as “cosen”. (DDEV/60/2.)

14. Wilton, op. cit., 261; D.N.B.; C.C.C., passim; DDEV/50/234. As early as April 1651, he was publicly accused by Thomas Coke of having done the Royalists “very many civilities”. (H.M.C., Portland Mss., Vol. 1, 586-7.)

15. Thirsk, J., “The Sales of Royalist Land during the Interregnum”, Ec.H.R., 2nd series, Vol. 5, 1952-3, 194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar With regard to the estates of Lord Arundell, see: Oliver, G., Collections Illustrating the History of the Catholic Religion in the Counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, and Gloucester, 1857, 82–3.Google Scholar I am grateful to Mr. J. A. Williams for giving me this reference.

16. Thirsk, loc. cit.; DDEV/55/47; 56/438; 60/3.

17. DDEV/56/438; 60/41.

18. For example, by gaining allowances for various outpayments, and arguing that in some cases the purchase price had been calculated on the basis of an exaggerated valuation, Rushworth and his colleagues were able to obtain a number of rebates from the original price. These eventually amounted to the substantial sum of £1419.3.2. (DDEV/68/248, 44-6, 53, 55.)

19. DDEV/50/210; C.C.C., 1324.

20. C.C.C., 1324; DDEV/3/65; 31/96; 68/248, 34, 37, 48-9.

21. See: Habakkuk, H. J., “Public Finance and the Sale of Confiscated Property during the Interregnum”, Ec.H.R., 2nd series, Vol. 15, 1962-3.Google Scholar

22. DDEV/51/104-9; 55/47; 68/248, 43, 45, 55.

23. DDEV/20/1; 50/212-6, 218-24; 51/26; 68/248, 42, 47, 51; C.C.C, 1324.

24. The second son Philip sold land in Arras and an annuity of £40 from the Holderness lands to Marmaduke for £600. He had been granted this in 1650. (DDEV/3/68.)

25. DDEV/50/44, 47, 48, 51. 168-9; 55/39, 45.

26. DDEV/50/228.

27. DDEV/68/248, 60. For Darley's career, see: D.N.B. The papers of his family are in the East Riding County Record Office. Beverley, under DAR and DDDA.

28. DDEV/50/228-33.

29. DDEV/50/234.

30. DDEV/60/2; 68/248, 61; C.S.P.D., 1655, 595. His departure for the Continent in August, 1655, may indicate the beginning of these enquiries. He travelled abroad yet again in December. 1657. (DDEV/68/248. 63.)

31. DDEV/68/248, 66-7.

32. DDEV/56/431; 59/8, 9.

33. See for example: DDEV/51/29, 30, 125.

34. DDEV/50/44.

35. See for example: DDEV/30/4; 50/41.

36. DDEV/51/125; 68/248, 62. Their creditors in London included gentlemen, lawyers, a grocer, an ironmonger, a draper, and a merchant-tailor.

37. DDEV 191 76; 68/248, 56.

38. For Arras see: DDEV/12/21. 22, 35, 37-40; 60/3, 4, 42. For Gardholme see: DDEV/3/70-2, 78; 68/248, 58. For Whalsey see: DDEV/60/3.

39. DDEV/9/58; 31/101; 50/225-7; 60/3; 68/248, 56. For the continuity of some of these tenancies see: Wilton, op. tit.; DDEV/59/8; 60/9.

40. The sharp rise in rents immediately before 1651, and the gap between the Sequestration Commissioners’ valuation in that year and the actual rental suggest that the estates were being rack-rented. During succeeding years, rents were decreased in time of need and, in fact, a century was to pass before the size of the gross rental in 1651 was equalled. See above p. . and below pp. and.

41. DDEV/3/73; 9/62, 65; 50/55.

42. DDEV/39/57, 60.

43. DDEV/39/61; 58/122; 60/2-3.

44. DDEV/1/31.

45. DDEV/3/77, 79, 81; 50/151-3.

46. DDEV/59/9, 12.

47. DDEV/59/9, 19; 60/3.

48. DDEV/20/2; 24/5-19; 50/239; 68/248. 51.

49. DDEV/9/162; 50/446; 58/115; 59/19.

50. See for example: DDEV/50/177.

Note 51 cancelled.

52. DDEV/50/54.

53. DDEV/55/56; 60/2.

54. DDEV/50/57.

55. Wilton, op. tit.

56. DDEV/60/2.

57. See footnote 18 above.

58. See above,

59. DDEV/51/104-109.

60. Habakkuk, op. tit., 81.

61. Meredith, op. tit., 46.

62. DDEV/60/2; also see above

63. See above

64. DDEV/68/248. iv.