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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 February 2015
In 1797 Trinidad became a British possession and, by 1889, the islands of Trinidad and Tobago had become a single political entity. In this article, however, discussion will be confined to Trinidad, rather than to Trinidad and Tobago, since the history of the two islands differed significantly in regard to Catholic education.
1 Campbell, C. A., 1996, The Young Colonials. A Social History of Education in Trinidad and Tobago, 1834–1939, passim, Kingston: The Press, University of The West Indies.
2 Feheney, J. M., 2001, Education in Trinidad in the Nineteenth Century. Dublin: Four Courts Press, passim.
3 The Ragged School Union Magazine, 1851, p. 3.
4 The Record, 1847, 4, 1.
5 Wood, D., 1968, Trinidad in Transition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 193.
6 Colonial Office (C.O.) 295/114, 165, Smith to Hill, 28 March, 1836, Ibidem.
7 Trinidad and Tobago Historical Society, No. 968, Woodford to Bathurst, 31 May, 1838.
8 CO 295/119, 129, Hill to Glenelg, 1837.
9 Bacchus, M. K., 1990, Utilisation, Misuse and Development of Human Resources in the Early West Indian Colonies. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, p. 4.
10 Vatican Archives, SRC, Vol. 7, Smith to Franzoni, 24 November, 1842.
11 Port of Spain Gazette (hereafter POSG), 17 and 24 October, 1857, speech of Attorney General, Charles Warner. Warner (1806–87), a descendant of Sir Thomas Warner, who had founded the first British settlement in the West Indies in St. Kitts in 1623, was educated in England and was called to the Trinidad Bar in 1829. Regarded as the ‘archenemy’ of Roman Catholics, he has been described as the ‘real ruler’ of Trinidad for 25 years. Vide, Anthony, Michael, 1997, Historical Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago, London: Scarecrow Press, p. 602.
12 CO 295/196, Keith to Labouchere, 6 October, 1857, No. 101, enclosing Smith to Harris, 24 June, 1847.
13 CO 295/117, Harris to Secretary of State, Private, 21 October, 1850.
14 Papal Teachings, Education, 45, Consistorial Allocution, 5 September, 1851, Rebeschini, 1960, Boston.
15 Apostolic Letter to Archbishop of Fribourg, 14 July, 1864, Rebeschini, op. cit.
16 Pope Pius IX, Syllubus of Errors, 8 December, 1864.
17 CO 295/196, Keate to Labouchere, No. 64, 24 July, 1857.
18 Feheney, 2001, op. cit., 90–93.
19 Ibidem., p. 50.
20 CO 295/328, Enclosure: Flood to Knutsford, 20 May, 1890.
21 Archdiocesan Archives, Port of Spain (hereafter AAPOS), Education, Dowling to Governor Byatt, 26 August, 1925.
22 Dowdall, R. M. OP, n.d., Memories of Irish Dominican Fathers and Brothers Who Passed Away Between the Years 1970–1980. Athy, Co. Kildare, Ireland: St. Dominic’s Priory.
23 AAPOS, Education, Ryan to McGovern, 18 August, 1940.
24 Ryan, Archbishop Finbar, 1943, Pastoral Letter on Education: Port of Spain: Catholic News Printery; Ryan, Archbishop Finbar, 1960, Pastoral Letter on The Catholic Education of Youth. Port of Spain: Catholic News Printery; Ryan, Archbishop Finbar, 1965, Pastoral Letter on The Catholic Church and The Draft Education Act, 1965. Port of Spain: Catholic News Printery.
25 Moyne Report, #2, Social Services, Education, 71; Ryan, 1943, op. cit., #8.
26 Ryan, op. cit., 1943, #9.
27 Ibidem.
28 Ibidem.
29 Feheney, 2001, op. cit., p. 95.
30 Education Report 1959 of Committee on General Education (hereafter referred to as Maurice Report), Port of Spain: Government Printery, p. 24.
31 Ryan, 1960, op cit., #2.
32 AAPOS, Education, Ryan to Fitzgerald, 20 November, 1959.
33 Ibidem.
34 Ryan, op. cit., 1960, #5.
35 AAPOS, Education, Ryan to Valdez, 19 September, 1960.
36 Ibidem.
37 Ibidem, Barry to Hochoy, 20 September, 1960.
38 Ibidem, Memorandum for Archbishop by Valdez, October, 1960.
39 AAPOS, Education, Valdez to Donaldson, 10 October, 1960.
40 Ibidem, Valdez to Donaldson, 10 October, 1960.
41 Ryan, op. cit., 1965.
42 Ibidem.
43 Ibidem.
44 Campbell, 1996, op. cit., p. 212.
45 Hammond, S. A., 1957, Report of Committee on Grant-in-Aid to Assisted Schools, 1956. Port of Spain: Government Printery Office.
46 AAPOS, Education, Feheney, J. M., ed., 1973, Report of Conference on the Church and Education. San Fernando: Presentation College.
47 Ibidem, p. 2.
48 Ibidem, p. 8.
49 Minister for Education and Culture, 2007, Statement to Senate, 6 July, 2007.
50 Mackenzie, 1991, ‘Denominational Primary Schooling: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago, International Review of Education, Vol. 37, No. 2, p. 217.
51 Ibidem, p. 213.
52 Minister of Education, Address to T&T Senate, 6 July, 2007.
53 Ministry of Education and Culture, 1998; Morris, pp. 199, 343.