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The English Recusants: Some Mediaeval Literary Links

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

David Rogers
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Extract

[This article by the late David Rogers was written in 1982. He later read it as a paper at the English Benedictine Congregation History Symposium at Worth Abbey in 1990 and it was subsequently reproduced in typescript as part of the proceedings. The article demands a wider audience and permission to publish it in ‘Recusant History’ has been kindly granted by Dom Gregory Scott O.S.B. and by the Friends of the Bodleian, who hold the copyright in David Rogers's work. A section of the article was elaborated and published as ‘Anthony Batt: A Forgotten Benedictine Translator’ in G.A.M. Janssens & F.G.A.M. Aarts (eds.): ‘Studies in Seventeenth Century English Literature, History and Bibliography’, Amsterdam, 1984]:

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , October 1997 , pp. 483 - 507
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 1997

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References

Notes

1 Downside Review (1943) p. 56.

2 Ibidem, p. 125.

3 Throughout this article I use what has become, in learned and bookselling circles, a conveniently short abbreviation for A. F. Allison and D. M. Rogers: A Catalogue of Catholic Books in English printed abroad or secretly in England 1558–1640, originally published in 1956 as two consecutive issues of Biographical Studies 3, nos. 3–4.

4 Hereinafter abbreviated as STC, generally followed (as in A&R) by the number allotted to the book in question. Where the revised Vol. 2 is quoted, I have designated it as STC (1976).

5 Abbreviated as ERL, followed by the volume number. Many volumes contain two or more facsimiles of different A&R titles.

6 Anstruther, The Seminary Priests, Vol. 2 p. 18, separates for the first time the William Batt ordained as a secular priest in 1604, from the Anthony Batt professed a Benedictine in 1615, who is thus left with no known origins.

7 Wing, D., Short-title Catalogue … 1641–1700 (1945) B 1661.Google Scholar In general, when quoting from Clancy's catalogue (see note 12) I do not quote Wing numbers since Clancy's entries always include Wing references, if his item is known to Wing.

8 A&R 82; STC 1778; ERL 162(1).

9 A&R 797; STC 23232; ERL 163(1), printed by the same Antwerp printer in the same year as the Bede and generally bound following it. This work was reprinted in 1625 (A&R 798; STC 23233) no doubt to accompany the same publisher's reprint of Bede.

10 A&R 83; STC 1779.

11 A&R 84; STC 1780.

12 Thomas, H. Clancy, English Catholic Books 1641–1700, No. 86.Google Scholar References to Clancy's bibliography in the present article are abbreviated ‘CI.’, followed by his number.

13 It was not only monastic sanctuaries, shrines and libraries which were destroyed at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries; the personal libraries of both More and Fisher were by any reckoning outstanding, but Henry VIII's vindictive spite has left scarcely a leaf from either.

14 In this article I use the terms (1) ‘early’ to cover the centuries prior to the year 1000 A.D. (2) ‘mediaeval’ to describe the succeeding centuries up to the time of the Reformation, and (3) ‘contemporary’ to designate the remainder of the sixteenth century together with the years up to the end of my survey in 1660.

15 It seems likely, for example, that the single surviving copies of A&R 176 and A&R 178, those at Lambeth Palace and the Bodleian respectively, are all that were kept—one for the Archbishop of Canterbury, the other for the refounded Oxford Library—out of suppressed secret press editions consigned to the flames. Similarly, two unique items (A&R 293 and A&R 502) still at Hatfield House are probably trophies preserved by the whim of Robert Cecil from some Government holocausts.

16 The century is a round figure; in actual fact the earliest ‘recusant’ books were published in May and July 1562 at Edinburgh, both by Knox's adversary Ninian Winzet (A&R 903, 904).

17 These catalogues are(1) A&R (see note 3, above) supplemented by hardly more than two dozen additions which I have collected in the last 26 years (I write this in 1982), including a few titles for theformer existence of which in print there exists satisfactory evidence. This gives an A&R total of 958 in all.(2) Clancy (see note 12, above) from whose catalogue I have excerpted 291 numbers for the years 1641–1660, including eight books known to me but not recorded by Clancy.

18 I use the vague term ‘items’ rather than titles or editions, to describe everything to which those two catalogues allot a separate number; they vary in extent from single sheets to a work in 3 volumes.

19 Three editions of Adam Blackwood's defence of Mary, Queen of Scots (A&R 119–121) included in A&R because of their Edinburgh imprints, but in fact all printed in Paris.

20 A&R 192; not in STC; ERL (1).

21 A&R 680—694 and Cl. 797–799. I have reprinted the editions of 1599 and 1615 as ERL 262 and 390.

22 Published by the Catholic Record Society in 1982 as Volume 3 of their Monograph Series.

23 Cf. the secret press edition in 1636 of Saint Austins care for the dead (A&R 51; STC 918; ERL 53(4)) reprinted in 1651 (Cl. 46 and 380) in the same collection as his The profit of believing (Cl. 45 and 380). ‘John Brereley’ (i.e. James Anderton of Lostock) devoted a whole book Sainct Austins religion, 1620 (A&R 138; STC 3608; ERL 30) to proving from the saint's writings that he taught what Catholics were still teaching. See Allison, A. F. in Recusant History 16, p. 31.Google Scholar

24 There were three Marian editions in English of his Pro catholicae fidei antiquitate libellus (STC 24747 and 24754–5) followed shortly afterwards by Ninian Winzet's rendering into Lowland Scots (A&R 863; STC 24752; ERL 374(2) published at Antwerp in 1563. A new English translation was secretly printed in 1596–7 (A&R 861; STC 24748); ERL 93(3), reprinted in 1631 (A&R 862; STC (1976) 24748.5) and again in 1651 (Cl. 1006 and 380). A Protestant English version was published in 1611 (STC 24753) and two editions of the Latin original, one in London (STC 24750) and one in Oxford (STC 24749).

25 Excluding at this point (for later treatment) lives of saints and other holy persons, since these were published for edification, not for their historical content.

25a A&R 847; STC 24714; ERL 10(1).

26 A&R 813; STC 23938; ERL 287.

27 A few historical works by Richard Broughton and Bishop Richard Smith are annalistic (A&R 156, Cl. 144–5), others controversial (A&R 157–8, Cl. 911).

28 See note 22, above.

29 A&R 492; STC 17197; ERL 132.

30 The earliest surviving edition is the third, of 1623. Since the publication of A&R I have found a perfect copy in the library of the Marquess of Bute, through whose kindness it has been reproduced as ERL 394(3). A&R 432; STC (1976) 14945.5. Dr. Blom records a further nine editions before the year1800 and indicates that others are still to be found.

31 STC 19906–19908.

32 In the sense defined in note 14, above.

33 Not much over a dozen other books were printed during this period at the College Press. These were in Latin, including two Missals (A&R 543–4) and three editions of the Ordo baptizandi (A&R 720–721, 723). A further two were in Spanish, published anonymously by Fr. Joseph Creswell. One was his translation of Dr. Kellison's account of the five Catholics martyred in England in 1616, the other his version of Salvian, a text which he had already translated into English. On these two books see Allison, A. F., ‘The Later Life and Writings of Joseph Creswell’, Recusant History, 15, pp. 119, 125.Google Scholar This small group of non-English books includes the only two books which actually bear, the College's imprint: an edition of the Exercitia spiritualia of St. Ignatius in 1610 (obviously printed for domestic use within the Society) has it on the titlepage, and the 1620 Salvian just referred to (printed to circulate in Spain) has it in a colophon.

34 A&R 439.

35 The first edition (see note 37, below) does not mention the translator. The second, also from a secretpress in England (A&R 438) says on the titlepage ‘translated into English by one of no small fame’; the third (1610) says ‘by the Lord Philip late Earle of Arundell’. This attribution is confirmed by his seventeenth-century biographer; see The Lives of Philip Howard … and of Anne Dacres, his wife published (from the original manuscript) by the Duke of Norfolk in 1857, p. 106.

36 E.g. by Nathaniel, Southwell, Bihliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu, 1676, p. 452.Google Scholar The work is accepted without comment as Gerard's by Philip Caraman, Fr. in his John Gerard (1956) p. 32n.Google Scholar

37 A&R 437; STC (1976) 14626.5; ERL 56(2).

38 A&R 125; STC 13035.

39 A&R 129; not in STC; ERL 365(3).

40 See Allison, A. F., ‘Franciscan Books in English, 1559–1640’, Biographical Studies, 3, pp. 29, 50–51.Google Scholar ‘R.F.’, the translator, has not yet been identified.

41 Although ordained in Rome in 1614 by Cardinal Bellarmine, he does not figure in Fr. Godfrey Anstruther's The Seminary Priests Volume 2: Early Stuarts 1603–1659, presumably because the author considered him to have been a Jesuit at his ordination, but Fr. Henry Chadwick in St. Omers to Stonvhurst, p. 144 gives sufficient evidence to the contrary.

42 A&R 37, 44, 53, 112, 538, 539, 695, 737.

43 A&R 44; STC 910; ERL 87.

44 A&R 45; STC 911 (913).

45 See note 81, below.

46 A&R 2; STC 269; ERL 170(3). The identity of the translator, who is described on the titlepage simply as ‘A Father of the Society of Jesus’, is established in an article by Allison, A. F., ‘An early-seventeenth century translator: Thomas Everard, S. J.’ Biographical Studies, 2, p. 196.Google Scholar

47 Cl. 19.

48 A&R 748; STC 21676; ERL 170(3).

49 On these two translations of Salvian see Allison, A. F., ‘The Later Life and Writings of Joseph Creswell, S. J.’, Recusant History, 15, p. 125.Google Scholar

50 A&R 49; not in STC.

51 A&R 50; STC 943; ERL 83.

52 A&R 412; STC 14502; ERL 276(2).

53 On Hawkins and his writings see Seeker, J. E., ‘Henry Hawkins S. J., 1577–1646’, Recusant History, 11, pp. 237–252.Google Scholar

54 A&R 419; STC (1976) 14570.3. This was probably printed to accompany the 1624 College Press edition of The Psalter of the B. Virgin Mary, for which see above, notes 39, 40.

55 A&R 515. The only known copy lacks its titlepage but includes, as usual, the Jesus Psalter, which bears the date 1625.

56 In addition to his important The English martyrologe, which is mentioned again further on in the present article, he compiled two English prayerbooks, The treasury of devotion of 1622 (A&R 891; STC 25773; ERL 346) and The Key of Paradise of which the earliest surviving edition, the third, is dated 1623 (A&R 432; see note 30, above). Both these two books are discussed in Dr. Blom's monograph, see note 28, above. Wilson also published two Latin prayerbooks, Exercitium hehdomadarium, Antwerp, 1621 (reprinted 1630) and Exercitia quotidiana, Antwerp, 1630 (reprinted 1633 and 1692).

57 A&R 237; not in STC.

58 A&R 238; not in STC; ERL 274.

59 A&R 765; STC 5350.

60 A&R 764; ERL 357. Not in STC, but in STC (1976) there is a cross reference under ‘Silva, Marcos de’ to a number ‘11314.2’ to be used in the revised volume 1, which is still in preparation.

61 A&R 245; not in STC; ERL 226(2).

62 For this group of Franciscan books see the article cited above, in note 40.

63 For example, Certayne devout meditations (A&R 227; STC 17775; ERL 5(2)) published under the false imprint ‘Duaci, apud Iohannem Bogardi’. Since the publication of A&R, I have identified it as drawn from the Institutiones of Canisius, who is named in A manual or meditation (A&R 520–522) where it is reprinted as the first item.

64 A&R 466, 467 and 469.

65 His Treatise of Schisme, 1578; A&R 535; STC 17508; ERL 117(2). See further on this book in note 73 below.

66 Using the false imprint ‘Duaci, apud Iohannem Bellerum’. A&R 3; STC 274 (+21058); ERL 28(1).

67 A&R 801; STC (1976) 23443; ERL 5(3).

68 A&R 415; STC (1976) 14563.7.

69 A&R 413, 414; STC (1976) 14563.3, 14563.5. A&R 414 is reproduced as ERL 176.

70 It is not without significance to the theme of this article that the earliest known edition of the Jesus Psalter is an unique copy dated 1529 (STC 14563), preserved in the library of Blairs College, Aberdeen, the Scottish Catholic Seminary. This library is now on deposit in the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. The volume in which this Jesus Psalter is bound also contains other contemporary spiritual opuscules by the same printer, Robert Copland, all of which are likewise unique. Cf. note 72 below.

71 A&R 488; STC 17136; ERL 5(1).

72 Known also as the Fifteen Oes, it had first been put into print in English in a separate edition by Caxton in 1491 (STC 20195). Another pre-Reformation edition dated 1529 is preserved (STC 20196) in the same volume as the earliest Jesus Psalter (see note 70 above). From the old Primers of the use of York and Sarum it found its way into the Manual, the most popular English prayerbook of the recusant centuries (cf. Blom, op.cit., p. 119). Clancy records one of a series of separate editions as late as the year 1686 (CI. 140), but more often still it formed part of a larger prayerbook. The aunt of the Countess of Arundel (see note 73 below) was Magdalen, Viscountess Montagu (1538–1608) who, according to the Life by Bishop Richard Smith her chaplain, ‘did every day say … (besides numerous other devotions) … the Jesus Psalter, the fifteen prayers of St. Brigit … ‘ See the modern reprint of her Life ed. A. C. Southern (1954) p. 47.

73 This is obviously the book which converted Anne, Countess of Arundel (see note 72 above) who sheltered the poet Southwell in London. See the contemporary Lives of her husband, St. Philip Howard, and herself (referred to in note 35, above), p. 182.

74 The fullest treatment of all the translations of the Imitation here discussed is to be found in a masterly critical survey by David, Crane, ‘English Translations of the Imitatio Christi in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, Recusant History, 13, pp. 79–100.Google Scholar

75 STC (1976) 23954.7–23960.

76 STC (1976) 23961–23966, and 23967.5.

77 STC 23966.

78 STC 23967, identified as Carter's handiwork only after A&R had been many years in print. For a book by Cardinal Fisher now newly identified as secretly printed by Carter, see note 123, below.

79 The attribution to L'Oyselet's press was first made in A&R 814; STC 23968 (also formerly 23960a); ERL 353.

80 Crane (art.cit., p. 96, note 11) points out the probable connection between this reprint and the Syon community and goes on to quote a passage from the published history of the abbey which shows the pious and wealthy young layman, George Gilbert, promising in 1580 that he would pay for the printing of the Brigittine Office book which had been ‘destroyed by time and by heretics’, and ‘for the re-printing of a book called the Scale of Perfection. There is no evidence that either of these undertakings was actually carried out, but the nuns’ wishes for both are eloquent evidence on the central theme of my present article. In the event, Walter Hilton's work was not reprinted for almost another eighty years. See note 143, below.

81 A&R 815; STC 23987; ERL 369.

82 A&R 816–822; CI 948 and 954.

83 The earliest ‘English’ version was that of King Alfred, who died in 899.

84 STC 3199.

85 STC 3200.

86 STC 3201.

87 STC 3202; not included in A&R, like several of Southwell's volumes of poetry, because printed with licence and not secretly. For the same reason I excluded it, regretfully, from ERL.

88 Presumably, therefore, the Countess was herself a Catholic by this date; the Sackville family had numerous recusant involvements. Her husband Thomas, the first Earl, is said to have been reconciled to the Catholic Church on his deathbed in 1608. Certainly the death in 1591 of her Catholic daughter-in-law Margaret, a half-sister of the martyred Earl of Arundel, was the occasion for Southwell to write his Triumphs over death, and the poet may also have been responsible for the conversion of her younger son Thomas about 1590. (See Christopher Devlin, Fr., The Life of Robert Southwell (1956) p. 231).Google Scholar Her daughter Jane had been the first wife of Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, undoubtedly the most conspicuous recusant of his day.

89 See note 40, above.

90 A&R 335; not in STC.

91 See notes 57–59 and 61, above.

92 Cl. 223.

93 A&R 336; not in STC; ERL 378(2).

94 Cl. 652.

95 Cl. 653; generally catalogued as by Mason, this was perhaps a new translation of the Rule of the Third Order, followed by a second part (C7. 654), the ‘Declarations’ on it, which is clearly his own.

96 A&R 85; not in STC; ERL 378(2).

97 A&R 537; STC (1976) 17618.5; ERL 154.

98 Cl. 650, 651 which are the two parts of a single work.

99 A&R 557; STC (1976) 17542.3; ERL 360(2).

100 Allison ‘Franciscan Books’ (see note 40, above) pp. 57–8.

101 Appropriately, he was chosen as patron of the College opened by the English Friars at Doway in 1618, which became the headquarters of the Province until the French Revolution.

102 Cl. 112.

103 STC 3259–3268.

104 A&R 128; STC 3268 (=3269); ERL 392.

105 John Heigham settled at Doway in 1603 and Charles Boscard (whose work this can be shown to be on typographical evidence) left Doway for St. Omers in 1610. See Allison, A. F., ‘John Heigham of S. Omer’, Recusant History, 4, pp. 226–242.Google Scholar

106 ‘Franciscan Books’ (see note 40, above) p. 36.

107 The title of the first edition has not survived; that of the second runs: The life of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour lesus. Gathered, out of … Saint Bonaventure, and out of divers other … Catholique Doctors. Augmented, with Twentie Jive whole Chapters. At S. Omers, 1622. A&R 124; STC 13034; ERL 151.

108 A&R 125; STC 13035.

109 Printed by Wynkyn de Worde; STC 3273.

110 Cl. 113. Both works were read in English to Margery Kempe at Lynn by a friendly priest (see The Book of Margery Kempe (1936) p. 216) and both were, for example, in the pre-Reformation library of the Brigittines at Syon; see their Catalogue (ed. Mary Bateson) under N 62 and M 51.

111 Printed at Paris by Jean Barbier for Claude Chevallon and to be sold in London at the sign of the Trinity in St. Paul's Churchyard. The only recorded copy (that in the Bodleian) was not in the original STC, but will be numbered 3269.5 in the revised Vol. 1.

112 STC 3270.

113 A&R 126; STC 3271; ERL 103(2). The problems posed by this edition are fully discussed by Allison, ‘Franciscan Books’ (see note 40, above) pp. 37–40.

114 A&R 127; STC 3272.

115 The type used by the Protestant Government in Dublin from 1571 onwards was modelled to some extent on the Anglo-Saxon fount cut for the London publisher John Day, whereas the Louvain type was ‘designed by Irish scholars from Irish manuscripts’. See Lynam, E. W. The Irish Character in Print (Irish Universities Press reprint, 1969) p. 8.Google Scholar

116 For example, Michael O'Cleary with three companions toiled in the remote Friary at Donegal from 1632 till 1636 on a work which has preserved much of the early history of Ireland; the original manuscripts from which they transcribed have almost all since perished, but their vast and irreplaceable compilation, known as the Annals of the Four Masters, could not be put into print before the nineteenth century. O'Cleary's vocabulary, Focloir, was, however, printed at the Louvain press in 1642–3 (Cl. 734, 735).

117 A&R 800a; not in STC; ERL 384(2).

118 Cl. 383.

119 Despite the evidence of the titlepage, her identity is uncertain. The two conflicting attributions are discussed by Allison, ‘Franciscan Books’ (see note 40, above) pp. 48–49.

120 A&R 869; STC 24924; ERL 144(2).

121 A&R 420; STC 14626; ERL 210(2). Although this collection was not reprinted separately, it was added as a second part to both the 1628 and the 1636 Rouen editions of the Lives of the saints by Alfonso de Villegas (A&R 856 and 859).

122 The life of St. Patrick was written about the year 1200 by a Cistercian monk, Jocelin of Furness; that of St. Brigid compiled and abridged out of a life by Cogitosus, a monk of Kildare probably of the early ninth century, and from Nova Legenda Angliae by John Capgrave, an Austin friar of Lynn, who died in 1464; that of St. Columba was written by St. Adamnan, abbot of Iona, between the years 688 and 692.

123 More's A dialogue of citmfort was separately reprinted for the first time since Queen Mary's reign, by John Fowler at Antwerp in 1573 (A&R 549; STC 18083; ERL 25). Fisher's A spirituall consolation, written … to hys sister Elizabeth (A&R 304, STC 10899; ERL 11(1)) was printed for the first time not (as in STC) in 11535], but long after the saint's martyrdom. The late F. S. Ferguson, one of the editors of the revised STC, attributed it to Thomas East (who besides being William Byrd's partner in music publishing, may have had other recusant links) about 1578, and is responsible for the A&R attribution to him. While agreeing the approximate date, research for the present article has enabled me to make a last-minute identification of the printer as William Carter (see notes 63–78, above), to whose small surviving output it makes an important and characteristic addition.

124 The life of More by his son-in-law William Roper (which R.W. Chambers described as ‘probably the most perfect little biography in the English language’), after circulating in numerous manuscript copies for some seventy years, was first put into print at the St. Omers College press in 1626 (A&R 742; STC 21316; ERL 4(1)). Another life by the martyr's great-grandsons Thomas and Cresacre More, was published at some date after 29 May 1630, and I have identified the printer as Balthasar Bellere at Doway (A&R 547; STC (1976) 18066; ERL 66). The sheets of this were re-issued in 1642 (Cl. 684). A third life, by ‘Jo. Hoddesen’, was printed in London in 1652 (Cl. 502, reprinted ten years later), and a Life of Fisher, commonly attributed to Thomas Bayly who edited it, came out, also in London, in 1655 (Cl. 85).

125 A&R 536; STC 17533; ERL 222. Reprinted at St. Omers in 1667 (Cl. 574).

126 A&R 889; STC 17533; ERL 232. There was a second edition from the St. Omers College press in 1640 (A&R 890) and a third from the same press in 1672 (Cl. 1100).

127 A&R 71; STC 1019; ERL 231.

128 Lassell's choice was appropriate, for St. Thomas of Canterbury was the patron saint of the English secular clergy, and of the Venerable English College at Rome.

129 A&R 587; STC 18889; ERL 318.

130 A&R 469, one of the books already referred to in note 64, above.

131 For the contents of this important martyrology (which among its wealth of contemporary documents contains a 13-page Latin translation of an eye-witness report of the trial of William Carter) see the analysis given in my introduction to the facsimile reprint of the 1588 Concertatio, published by the Gregg Press in 1970. Since the early seventeenth century this book has mistakenly been attributed to Dr. John Bridgewater, but I give the evidence that ‘Aquapontanus’ was the pseudonym used here by John Gibbons, as it was used again subsequently by Gibbons for another of his books a year later.

132 A&R 864; STC 4830; ERL 373.

133 STC (1976) 24766–24766.3.

134 STC 25853.

135 A&R 725; STC 21102; ERL 319.

136 An abridged adaptation of Falconer's translation by a fellow-Jesuit, Father Philip Leigh (alias Lay ton or Metham) was first issued in 1712 (and satirized the same year by William Fleetwood, then bishop of St. Asaph), and several times reprinted, even as late as 1823 in Dublin. Leigh was responsible for misattributing the translation he drew upon to Father Michael Alford S.J., but the Jesuit bibliograhers, from Alegambe (1643) onwards, give the correct ascription. Falconer worked from a Latin manuscript, and it is possible that the early seventeenth-century copy, once apparently owned by the Bollandists and now in the Royal Library at Brussels, may be the very one made from some mediaeval text in England by the translator himself or for his use.

137 There is a human sidelight provided in the only reference to Batt in David Lunn's, Dr. The English Benedictines 1540–1688, p. 179,Google Scholar where he is named as joint recipient of a gift of tobacco from the Prior of S. Malo in 1626. Did his pipe accompany his many busy hours of writing?

138 Baker was professed (after a novitiate at St. Justina's, Padua) as an English member of the Cassinese Congregation, most of whose other English members also accepted in 1619 a union, ratified by Pope Paul V, of the missionaries of various origins into one English Congregation.

139 Dom Sigebert Bagshaw's licence for the Three-fold Mirrour, dated 11 July 1633, describes him as ‘Secretary of our said Congregation’.

140 STC (1976) 20875.5–20876.5.

141 STC 14042–14045.

142 The comment is that of Dom, Justin McCann in The Life of Fr. Augustine Baker (1933), p. 182,Google Scholar a book to which I owe most of the background of my discussion of Baker.

143 Cl. 498.

144 McCann, op.cit., pp. 162, 195.

145 The full printed title was The Holy Practices of a Divine Lover, or the Sainctly Ideots Devotions (Cl. 685), but in the mss. Baker's own shorter title is used. McCann, op.cit., p. 183.

146 This edition is not in Clancy, but a copy is in my own collection (now at Downside). It was reprinted in 1700 (Cl. 114). See Recusant History, 13 (1975) p. 149.

147 My friend Dom, Yves Chaussy, in his Les Bénédictins Anglais refugiés en France (1967) p. 202,Google Scholar writing an account of Batt's publications, mistakenly follows Gillow (though he knows and quotes A&R) in making the St. Omers 1624 reprint of the Heavenly Treasure the original edition. He goes on to find in its appearance at St. Omers a sign of some friendship between its author and the Jesuits, though this S. Omers reprint was not the work of the College Press run there by the English Jesuits (cf. A&R 48). He also accepts, with Gillow, that Batt was the ‘A.B.’ who translated Bellarmine's The Mourning of the Dove in 1641 (Cl. 89), which was printed at the College Press and is the work of the Jesuit Thomas Everard, who used the initials ‘A.B.’ several times in translating works by Bellarmine. See Allison, A. F. in Biographical Studies, 2 (1954) p. 206.Google Scholar Finally, he failed to find in A&R Batt's translation of the Three-fold Mirrour. But I am grateful to him for my knowledge of the French editions of Batt's Hidden Treasure, see below, notes 169, 170.

148 The 1624 reprint is A&R 48; STC 934. The original (1621) is A&R 47; ERL 256; STC recorded only the British Museum copies (954, 942) of parts 2 and 3.

149 STC 944 + 950 + 938.

150 A&R 104; STC 1922; ERL 194.

151 For example, the translation by Richard, Whitford of the Golden Epistle of Saint Bernard, STC 1915,Google Scholar was reprinted by the recusants in 1585 (see note 79, above) and again by a secret press in England in 1615, A&R 816; STC 23988.

152 A&R 105; STC 1923; ERL 79.

153 STC 1908.

154 STC 1909.

155 There were four editions of her translation, 5TC 6895–6898; of these the undated edition by Pynson (STC 6898) is the earliest.

156 The original was identified for me by my Bodleian colleague Dr. Barker-Benfield, to whom I am most grateful. It is perhaps by the Franciscan mystical poet Jacopone da Todi, who died in 1306.

157 A&R 368; STC 12350.

158 A&R 367; STC 12349; ERL 240.

159 A&R 102; STC 1860.

160 A&R 800; STC 17522; this and the Rule together are ERL 278(2).

161 STC 1859. Fox's foreword is dated 22 January 1516, i.e. 1517 n.s.

162 A&R 75; STC 1020. The three parts together form A&R 369; ERL 294.

163 A&R 74; not in STC; ERL 133(2).

164 Cl. 82.

165 Besides its appearance in the collected Opera of St. John Fisher published at Wiirzburg in 1597, the Latin had been published on its own at Doway ‘1567’ (really 1576), Rome 1578, Piacenza 1593, and Paris 1631. It had also been translated into Italian at Venice in 1593.

166 A&R 305; STC 10890; ERL 11(2).

167 Not recorded in A&R.

168 Cl. 81.

169 Chaussy, loc. cit. See note 147, above.

170 Ibidem.

171 A Catechism, commissioned from him by the Chapter of 1641, but never published for want of funds, was recorded by Dom Benet Weldon, the early eighteenth century chronicler, as preserved in manuscript at La Celle, where Batt had lived during his last years.