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II. Inscriptions1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

R. P. Wright  and
M. W. C. Hassall
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Extract

Wanborough, Wilts. (SU 194853). For this defixio (curse) (FIG. 22) see the report by Mr. J. Rea printed on pp. 363-7 as an Appendix.

Cirencester {Corinium, SP 028012), Gloucestershire (PL. XXIX, A). Oolitic limestone tombstone 0.65 by 1.21 by 0.26 m found in 1971 with two others by contractors carrying out demolition in School Lane on the site of the Stepped Stairs development (see above, p. 339). The three came from the rear of the earth rampart forming part of the defences of the town and may have been intended as building material (for the construction of bastions), which was then discarded. The tombstone, which tapers slightly towards the top, is surmounted by a triangular pediment within which is a lunette in relief. Pediment and die are surrounded by a plain border which has suffered some damage, particularly to the right of the lower part of the die.

Type
Research Article
Information
Britannia , Volume 3 , November 1972 , pp. 352 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © R. P. Wright and M. W. C. Hassall 1972. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

2 Information and observations on the archaeological context of the find from the director of Cirencester excavations, Mr. A. D. Me Whirr, who provided photographs of all three stones, which have been deposited in the Corinium Museum, Cirencester.

3 Compare CIL xiii 6248, post annos exactos vitae eius lxx; other possibilities are ex(cessit), compare ibid. 1986 and ex(pleto), ibid. 6808. For the common omission of n from ns see Mann, J. C., ‘The Evidence Spoken Latin in Britain’, Britannia ii (1972), 222.Google Scholar

4 Compare also the certainly Celtic Tammonius, RIB 67 (Silchester).

5 The names M. Comitinius Vind[e]x and M. Comitius Vind[ occur on a tombstone from Rome (CIL VI 2959) where one or other is (unnecessarily) thought to be corrupt. The nomen Comitinius would be derived from the cognomen Comitinus, itself based on the nomen Comitius.

6 Information from Mr. H. R. Hurst, director of excavations for Gloucester City Museum. The trench section from which the stone came was examined by Messrs. J. F. Rhodes, of Gloucester City Museum, and A. P. Garrod who found further architectural fragments in situ, in an apparently secondcentury context.

7 That is almost immediately to the west of the north-west corner of the stone interval tower excavated in 1969, see Antiq. Journ. Hi (1972).Google Scholar

8 Submitted by Mr. P. Crummy on behalf of the Colchester Excavation Committee.

9 Information from Mr. E. Greenfield, who excavated the site for the Department of the Environment. See the Department's publication, Archaeological Excavations 1971 (1971), 21, and Britannia ii, 266; for earlier work on the site, Antiq. Journ. xliii (1963), 228.Google Scholar

10 Brodribb, A. C. C. etc. Excavations at Shakenoak iii, 1972, 51, fig. 15. Now in the Ashmolean Museum, where Mr. P. D. C. Brown made the fragment available after indicating these letters. On the right side is part of a foliate pattern. R.P.W.Google Scholar

11 Discovered by Mr. M. Farley who was employed by the Department of the Environment to watch the work. Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, who sent a squeeze. Thanks are due also to Mr. C. Barnett, F.S.A., Director of Newport Museum, who supplied a photograph and provided facilities for examining the stone.

12 That is towards the north and east corner of the unexcavated insula opposite the Temple insula.

13 Information and photograph from Dr. W. H. Manning, director of excavations for University College, Cardiff, and the Department of the Environment. For the site see Britannia ii (1972), 246.Google Scholar

14 Drawn by R.P.W. in Roman Corbridge Museum.

15 Found in the work of consolidation by the Department of the Environment. Mr. C. Anderson sent photographs and details. This is the first instance in Britain of the rank princeps primus. For Pompeius Rufus see RIB 1447. Mr. Stevens, C. E. (Cumb. and Westm. AA Soc. extra series xx (1966), pp. 75–6) ‘by pure guesswork’ assigns the sector 29A to 30B to Legion II.Google Scholar

16 Submitted by Mr. R. E. Birley, who directed the excavations for the Vindolanda Trust. See also Nos. 14, 45-50.

17 See note 16 (above). See RIB 1720a-c, recording the numbers X, XI, XIII seen by Hunter on voussoir-stones on a vault of the bath-house west of Vindolanda fort. The numbers would be cut by the mason as he prepared the stones for each arch.

18 The fragment was lying among querns and carved stones on the garden wall of Carvoran Farm. It is probable that it had been excavated in or near the fort in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Mr. R. E. Birley gave details of the find and made the fragment available.

19 Found in Mr. Rae's, A. excavation, see JRS lii (1962) 161, 163. Now in Huntley House Museum, Edinburgh. Mr. G. S. Maxwell sent details, a squeeze and a photograph.Google Scholar

20 Newstead, , CAJ xxix (1932), 25, fig. 3, reading IIRI, Eri; ORI R.P.W. Orus with no initial aspirate seems to be the Latin form of the Greek name Oros.Google Scholar

21 Submitted by Mr. F. H. Thompson.

22 Dr. Jarrett, M. G. sent the sherd for study. For the excavation see JRS lvii (1967), 177.Google Scholar

23 See above, p. 309. Submitted by Mr. J. S. Rainbird, who directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment.

24 The spoon is in Colchester Museum, but has no registration number or details of provenance. Mr. D. A. Sherlock sent a full description to R.P.W., who has examined and drawn it.

25 Purchased from W. Wells in 1928 as an item found in that locality (Accession No. 4941-28). Mr. M. E. Henig provided details and photographs and as a parallel for the figure on the obverse cited Campbell Bonner, Studies in magical amulets (1950) Nos. 216-19, and for the vowels pp. 186-7. The strokes of the omega, here represented by W, do not connect. Drawn by R.P.W.

26 Hawkes and Hull, Camulodunum (1947), 285, No. 23. Now in Colchester Museum; drawn by R.P.W.

27 Information from Mr. P. J. Drury, director of rescue excavations for the Department of the Environment and Essex Archaeological Society, who submitted the sherd for inspection and supplied rubbings. For the site see Britannia ii (1971), 272.Google Scholar

28 For the difficulty in distinguishing between ethnics and second cognomina in cases like the present one see I. Kajanto, The Latin Cognomina, p. 16. For the use of e for i in imperavit and the omission of h in hic, see the article by J. C. Mann cited above (note 3), and for the confusion between b and p compare RIB 1982 Opse[quente and see CIL xiii, index xvi. The stop has been used in the middle of Quietus to avoid the confusion of representing i and e by three adjacent vertical lines.

29 Found by the excavator, Mr. H. J. D. Bennett, in whose possession it remains. Information from Mr. W. J. Rodwell.

30 The excavation was conducted by Mr. W. J. Rodwell for the Ministry of the Environment and the Wickford Archaeological Society. Although the fragment was not detected in its actual stratum it came from an area of burnt debris of the late fourth century, which was in part sealed by some sub-Roman structures. For a fuller description see Rodwell, and Wright, Antiq. Journ. lii (1972) (forthcoming).Google Scholar

31 See Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C., Papers of the British School at Rome xvi (1948), 34Google Scholar, pl. ix, fig. 25 for funerary stele from Thessaly, , and Papathanaspoulos, , Athens Annals of Archaeology ii (1969), 15, pl. 1 for mosaic from Elis in the Peloponnesus giving in Greek capitals Apollon, Erato and Kleio and the rest of the Muses. The references were given by Professor Toynbee.Google Scholar

32 Now in Reading Museum. Mrs. J. A. Greenaway sent full details and a cast.

33 Specimens have been presented to the British Museum (where R.P.W. drew it) and the Verulamium Museum. Rawlins, B. F., Hertfordshire Archaeology 2 (1970), 65, fig. 11.Google Scholar

34 Mr. M. R. Hull gave full details and made it available; now in Maidstone Museum. Drawn by R.P.W. For the type see Collingwood and Richmond, Archaeology of Roman Britain (1969), fig. 102, No. p. 292 group F.

35 Information from Mr. H. L. Sheldon, who directed the excavation for the Southwark Archaeological Excavations Committee. The counters have been deposited with Guildhall Museum, whose Assistant Director, Mr. R. Merrifield, provided photographs. Miss I. Schwab made the drawings of the counters in FIG. 31. For the site see Britannia ii (1971), 274.Google Scholar

36 Wheeler, London in Roman Times, fig. 10, p. 58. Now in London Museum; read in 1971 by R.P.W.

37 Found by workmen of the Department of the Environment engaged in consolidating the wall. Information from Professor W. F. Grimes, who submitted the brick for inspection.

38 Mr. W. J. Rodwell sent details and rubbings of this item and No. 34 in the private collection of Messrs. Dove Bros.

39 See note 38.

40 Information from Mr. W. J. Rodwell, who supplied rubbings of this item and No. 36 (below). The site is being excavated by Mrs. M. Rendell for the Egham-by-Runnymede Archaeological Society.

41 For details see No. 35 (above).

42 Found by Mr. D. C. Higgins and presented by him to the Castle Museum, Norwich. The cuts which resemble an unbarred A and precede the letter Q, by two letter-spaces are more shallow and seem to be casual. R.P.W.

43 Information from Mr. Brian Dix, the director of excavations for the Department of the Environment and Kettering Museum, who submitted the sherd for inspection.

44 Information, rubbings, photograph and drawing from Mr. P. J. Woods, who excavated the site on behalf of Northamptonshire County Council.

45 Found by Mr. D. Barrett. Information from Miss Janet Blaker, assistant on the current excavations being conducted by Oxford University Archaeological Society.

46 Found by Mr. J. C. Thompson and made available by Mr. Birley, R. E.. For three of them the die is the same as JRS liv (1964), 182, No. 24a.Google Scholar

47 Miss D. Charlesworth submitted the sherds. For a similar omission of n in Mansuetus see ILS 4533 (CIL xiii 98).

48 Submitted by Mr. R. E. Birley.

49 Submitted by Miss D. Charlesworth, who directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment. The final letter is cursive in form.

50 Mr. R. E. Birley submitted Nos. 46-50. See also note 16 (above).

51 For part of an inscription set up by the prefect of the Second Cohort of Pannonians see RIB 880 (Beckfoot, Cumb.).

52 The letters are poorly cut.

53 For Paelius, -ia, the normal spelling of this name, see CIL vi 13621, 23718, 23719.

54 See note 50.

55 See note 50.

56 Purchased in 1971 by the British Museum, where Mr. K. S. Painter made it available. See his note in Antiq. Journ. li (1971), 323. A descriptive pamphlet, which accompanied the spoon, says that it ‘was found with three or four others in a lump of clay in a field at Biddulph … near the old Roman ruins’. The description gives no date for the discovery of the spoons, but a reference to certain galleries in the British Museum suggests that the description was composed early in the twentieth century.Google Scholar

57 Submitted by Mr. M. J. Campen and retained in his collection. The site lies in field 65 (O.S. 25 in. map of Suffolk LIX 14) on the west side of A12 and 1½ km north-east of Wickham Market and north of the branch road to Hacheston. For this stamp the closest parallels are C1L iii, 6017, 8 (Bregenz) and JRS liv (1964), 179, No. 11 (from a mid first-century stratum at Sea Mills, Glos.). The lower bar of the F is ligatured to A, and the upper bar was omitted. R.P.W.Google Scholar

58 Information and drawings from Dr. Webster, G.. See Britannia ii (1971), 263.Google Scholar

59 In (c) θε[οίς and (d) ίε]ρόν are conceivable restorations.

60 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent details. For four other inscriptions from the same excavation see Britannia ii (1971), 303, Nos. 88-91.Google Scholar

61 Mr. L. P. Wenham sent squeezes and rubbings of Nos. 55 and 56.

62 See note 61 (above).

63 Recorded at the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, and retained by Mr. G. Bevan, 22 Burton Drive, Little Acton, Wrexham.

64 Retained by Mrs. D. K. Polgream, Ingleside, Gresford, Denbighs.

65 Found in 1970 by Mrs. Polgream and presented by her to the Grosvenor Museum, Chester.

66 Retained by the finder, Mrs. Morris, 105 Ruabon Road, Wrexham.

67 Found and retained by Mr. G. Bevan, see note 63 (above).

68 A tegula from Chester, now in the Gleadow collection in the Grosvenor Museum, matches the last three letters.

69 For the type see Britannia ii (1971), 293, No. 19 (b) (i).Google Scholar

70 Retained by the finder, Mr. G. Bevan (see note 63, above).

71 Boon, , Arch. Camb. cxix (1970), 53, fig. 16. Item (d) was too blurred for identification. Boon gives full details for dating each item and says that ‘it is questionable whether any tiles were stamped at Caerleon before the Hadrianic period, however improbable this may appear’.Google Scholar

72 The superscript bar of the numeral blends with the two vertical strokes. The first example of this was found on the Golledge's Field site.

73 Bristol Arch. Research Group iii (1970), 241.Google Scholar

74 Miss D. Charlesworth reported this.

75 Information from Dr. Hid E. Anthony.

76 Information from Dr. D. J. Smith.

77 Information from the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne.

78 Information from Mr. G. C. Boon.

79 By the finder, Mr. Boyd, B.. BMQ 34 (1970), 191.Google Scholar

80 After inspection by R.P.W.

81 Jarrett, M. G. and Mann, J. C., Bonner Jahrbücher 170 (1970), 189Google Scholar and Gillam, J. P. and Mann, J. C., Arch. Ael. 4 xlviii (1970), 11.Google Scholar

82 Arch. Ael. 3 viii (1912), 187; EE ix, 1383.Google Scholar

83 Prompted by the amendment by Mr. R. W. Harris, quoted by Professor Birley, E. in JRS lvi (1966), 228.Google Scholar

84 Inspection by R.P.W.