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I. Sites Explored

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2010

Evan M. Chapman ,
Fraser Hunter ,
Peter Wilson  and
Paul Booth
Evan M. Chapman
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Fraser Hunter
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Peter Wilson
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Paul Booth
Affiliation:
[email protected]
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Abstract

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Type
Roman Britain in 2009
Information
Britannia , Volume 41 , November 2010 , pp. 341 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2010. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 Work by Headland Archaeology Ltd. P. Masser, Green Hill Primary School, Gelligaer, Caerphilly: Archaeological Evaluation, HAS845 (2009). Mr A. Boucher sent information.

2 Work by Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT report No. 2010/13). Mr K. Murphy sent information.

3 Partially excavated in 1961 Jarrett, M.G., ‘Excavations at Llys Brychan, Llangadog, 1961’, Carmarthenshire Antiquary 4 (1962), 2–8.Google Scholar

4 Work by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust and local volunteers as part of the Exploration Tywi! community landscape investigation project, funded by the Tywi Afon yr Oesoedd Landscape partnership scheme. Mr K. Murphy sent information.

5 Ashby, T., ‘Excavations at Caerwent, Monmouthshire, on the site of the Romano-British city of Venta Silurum, in the year 1905’, Archaeologia 60 (1906), 111–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 Work by S. Clarke and J. Bray for Monmouth Archaeology, during the groundworks for the construction of an extension. Mr S. Clarke sent information.

7 Work by Monmouth Archaeological Society during digging of service trenches. Mr S. Clarke sent information.

8 Watching-brief by S. Clarke and J. Bray for Monmouth Archaeology, during the construction of an extension. Mr S. Clarke sent information.

9 Work by M. Brett and M. Collard for Cotswold Archaeology. Mr N. Holbrook sent information.

10 Remains of a similar building approximately 25 m to the north has previously been recorded, see Britannia 38 (2007), 249.

11 Work by S. Clarke and J. Bray for Monmouth Archaeology, during the groundworks connected with the construction of a house. Mr S. Clarke sent information.

12 Work by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks for a new Performing Arts Centre. Information via Archaeology in Wales.

13 Work by S. Clarke and J. Bray for Monmouth Archaeology. Mr S. Clarke sent information.

14 Work by S.H. Sell for Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, during trial pitting in advance of a new drainage scheme. Dr E.M. Evans sent information.

15 See Britannia 39 (2008), 267–8.

16 Brewer, R.J., ‘Caerleon and the archaeologists: changing ideas on the Roman fortress’, The Monmouthshire Antiquary 17 (2001), 25.Google Scholar

17 Work by staff and undergraduates from Cardiff University directed by Dr T. Young and Dr A. Lane. Dr P. Guest sent information.

18 Work directed by M. Tuck for the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, in connection with the construction of a coach park for the Ryder Cup. Dr E.M. Evans sent information.

19 See Britannia 28 (1997), 404.

20 Work by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust in advance of a new water main. Mr N. Jones sent information.

21 Silvester, R.J., ‘Abertanat, Llansantffraid and Clawdd Coch: Barri Jones’s excavations in Montgomeryshire’, Studia Celtica 42 (2008), 27–53.Google Scholar

22 Work by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust in advance of a new water main. Mr N. Jones sent information.

23 Work by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, in advance of a supermarket development. Mr N. Jones sent information.

24 Work by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust in advance of a new water main. Mr N. Jones sent information.

25 Trial excavations investigating a potential cursus by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust. Mr N. Jones sent information.

26 Thomas, H.J., ‘Iolo Morgannwg vindicated: Glamorgan’s first field archaeologist’, GGAT Annual Report 1983–84 (1985), 149–57.Google Scholar

27 Work co-ordinated by Entec UK, in advance of the redevelopment of MoD St Athan. Entec UK Ltd, Defence Training College and Aerospace Business Park – St Athan: Environmental Statement (2009).

28 Work co-ordinated by Entec UK, in advance of the redevelopment of MoD St Athan. Entec UK Ltd, Defence Training College and Aerospace Business Park – St Athan: Environmental Statement (2009).

29 Barber, A. Cox, S. and Hancocks, A., ‘A Late Iron Age and Roman farmstead at RAF St Athan, Vale of Glamorgan. Evaluation and excavation 2002–03’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 155 (2006), 49–115.Google Scholar

30 Work co-ordinated by Entec UK, in advance of the redevelopment of MoD St Athan. Entec UK Ltd, Defence Training College and Aerospace Business Park – St Athan: Environmental Statement (2009).

31 By Dr F. Hunter for National Museums Scotland; see Britannia 36 (2005), 393, with further references.

32 Type A3 penannular brooch. Other Roman finds from Moray in 2009 comprised a further trumpet brooch from Clarkly Hill, Moray (see Britannia 40 (2009), 225 for previous finds), and a headstud brooch from Stonewells, the pair of one found previously (Hunter, F., Beyond the Edge of the Empire (2007), 65Google Scholar).

33 For Peggy Scott’s Restaurant by R. Cachart of SUAT Ltd; Mr D. Bowler sent a report.

34 For previous work see Halpin, E., PSAS 122 (1992), 171–82.Google Scholar

35 By Dr D.J. Woolliscroft and P. Morris for the Roman Gask Project and Blairgowrie Geophysics, sponsored by the Roman Research Trust. Magnetic survey covered c. 37 ha; resistivity of c. 16 ha focused on areas outside the fortress.

36 Pitts, L.F. and St Joseph, J.K., Inchtuthil: the Legionary Fortress (1985)Google Scholar; Woolliscroft, D.J. and Hoffmann, B., Rome’s First Frontier (2006), 62–72.Google Scholar

37 Its form perhaps reminiscent of an amphitheatre.

38 For Mr Graham by T. Barton of SUAT Ltd; Mr D. Bowler sent a report. The ground had already been truncated by development before the work took place.

39 By Dr D.J. Woolliscroft of the Roman Gask Project.

40 Work by Dr D.J. Woolliscroft and Dr B. Hoffmann of the Roman Gask Project was funded by Perth & Kinross Heritage Trust. For the line of the road, see Britannia 32 (2001), 319, fig. 4; Woolliscroft, D.J. and Hoffmann, B., Rome’s First Frontier (2006), 99–103.Google Scholar

41 By Dr E. Campbell and Dr M. Gondek as part of the SERF Project; see Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009, 150–1.

42 Further excavations by the SERF project at the hillfort of Green of Invermay (NO 0526 1621) produced a trumpet brooch (Dr T. Poller, pers. comm.), while a stray find of a plate and fantail brooch was recovered by metal-detecting at Grahamstone (NO 17 02; Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009, 157).

43 For LPS Contracts by Mr G. Bailey of Falkirk Museum, who sent a full report. The camp is that recorded by Feachem, R.W., PSAS 89 (1955–6), 336–9Google Scholar; for an updated plan of this complex area, see Bailey, G.B., PSAS 130 (2000), 470.Google Scholar

44 The excavation conjoined a trench excavated previously; see Britannia 39 (2008), 274, with further references.

45 For Q Hotels by M. Cook of AOC Archaeology; see Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009, 128.

46 For Forest Enterprise Scotland by D. Sneddon and P. Murtagh of GUARD; Dr A. Leslie sent a report.

47 For Complete Property Maintenance Ltd by P.J. Murtagh and C. Rennie of GUARD; Dr A. Leslie sent a report.

48 Speller, K. and Leslie, A., PSAS 132 (2002), 279–84.Google Scholar

49 For Allan Water Developments by R. Will and A. Leslie of GUARD.

50 See Breeze, D.J., ‘The Roman fort on the Antonine Wall at Bearsden’ in Breeze, D.J. (ed.), Studies in Scottish Antiquity (1984), 32–68Google Scholar; Britannia 34 (2003), 304.

51 By Dr R. Jones of Glasgow University, who sent a report. See Britannia 38 (2007), 256 for previous work.

52 Directed for Falkirk Local History Society and Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society by Mr G. Bailey, who sent a report.

53 Revealed by geophysical survey; Britannia 39 (2008), 276.

54 Britannia 40 (2009), 228–9.

55 By Mr G. Bailey, who provided a revised plan.

56 By Dr R. Jones of Glasgow University, who sent a report.

57 St Joseph, J.K., JRS 51 (1961), 122.Google Scholar

58 Interpreted in NMRS (NT08SW 91) as a souterrain from aerial photos, although the geophysical results cast doubt on this.

59 For Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society and Blairgowrie Geophysics by I. Hawkins, H.M.D. Jones and P. Morris, who sent a report.

60 Holmes, N., Excavation of Roman Sites at Cramond, Edinburgh (2003), 8–9Google Scholar, illus. 2.

61 See Britannia 36 (2005), 399; 37 (2006), 387; 40 (2009), 230.

62 See Britannia 33 (2002), 289, with further references.

63 Led by I. Hawkins for Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society.

64 RCAHMS, Tenth Report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian (1929), 140–1, no. 177.

65 For Royal Bank of Scotland by Headland Archaeology; J. Franklin sent a report. The remains had been notably truncated in this area, and earlier evaluation (Britannia 39 (2008), 277) indicated the remainder of the annexe in this field has been destroyed.

66 Hanson, W.S., Elginhaugh: a Flavian Fort and its Annexe (2007)Google Scholar, chs 8 and 12.4; the 2009 excavations encompassed the earlier Trench 1.

67 Its eastern extent has now been destroyed.

68 For North Slipperfield Estate by E. Masson-Maclean of GUARD; Dr A. Leslie sent a report, and Dr R.H. Jones provided a plot of the camp.

69 NMRS reference number NT15SW 45. The south-west and north-east defences were affected by the development but regrettably fell beyond the extent of the watching-brief.

70 For D. Benson by K. Haines of CFA Archaeology. See Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009, 172–3. For the site, see Maxwell, G.S. and Wilson, D.R., Britannia 18 (1987), 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

71 For Airtricity by M. Dalland of Headland Archaeology; J. Franklin sent a report.

72 Margary, I.D., Roman Roads in Britain II (1957), 196–8Google Scholar, Route 7g. A series of such pits are visible in this area on an RCAHMS aerial photo (DP019755).

73 For A. Young by Dr L. Turner of Rathmell Archaeology, who sent a report.

74 St Joseph, J.K., Britannia 9 (1978), 397–400CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Maxwell, G.S. and Wilson, D.R., Britannia 18 (1987), 34–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

75 Surveys by C.-M. Hüssen (Römisch-Germanische Kommission), R.H. Jones (RCAHMS) and W.S. Hanson (Glasgow University), with funding from the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, and by Dr R. Jones (Glasgow University).

76 By C.-M. Hüssen, R.H. Jones and W.S. Hanson, with funding from the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.

77 Frere, S.S. and St Joseph, J.K., Roman Britain from the Air (1983), 123–6Google Scholar; St Joseph, J.K., Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4 (1976), 10CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Maxwell, G.S., The Romans in Scotland (1989), 69–70.Google Scholar

78 By Dr R. Jones, who sent a report.

79 St Joseph, J.K., Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4 (1976), 7–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

80 By C.-M. Hüssen, R.H. Jones and W.S. Hanson, with funding from the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.

81 Clarke, J., Davidson, J.M., Robertson, A.S. and St Joseph, J.K., The Roman Occupation of South-Western Scotland (1952), 117–20Google Scholar; Maxwell, G.S. and Wilson, D.R., Britannia 18 (1987), 23–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar, pl. IXB.

82 Excavations directed for Tyne and Wear Museums by P. Bidwell, N. Hodgson and G.C. Stobbs with the support of Earthwatch Institute. Dr N. Hodgson sent information.

83 Excavation by A. Goode, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Sir Robert McAlpine Limited. R. Taylor-Wilson sent information.

84 Excavation by A. Goode, Pre-Construct Archaeology Limited, for C. Spencer Ltd on behalf of Network Rail. R. Taylor-Wilson sent information.

85 Evaluation for Balfour Beatty carried out by Tyne and Wear Museums Archaeology. Dr N. Hodgson sent information.

86 Under the direction of A. Birley.

87 Bidwell, P.T., The Roman Fort of Vindolanda, at Chesterholm, Northumberland (1985).Google Scholar

88 Under the direction of J. Blake. For previous work see Britannia 40 (2009), 233–4.Google Scholar

89 Excavations directed by T. Wilmott of English Heritage’s Archaeological Projects Team in partnership with Professor I. Haynes of the Department of Archaeology, University of Newcastle. M. Jecock sent information.

90 Found by Messrs D. Jackson and A. Clark while searching with metal-detectors. BM Refs: 2009 T51 and T715. R. Abdy sent information.

91 See Cool, H.E.M., The Roman Cemetery at Brougham, Cumbria. Excavations 1966–67 (2004).Google Scholar

92 Excavation by Oxford Archaeology North on behalf of United Utilities. Information sent by I. Miller and A. Plummer.

93 Work by M. Kirby for CFA Archaeology Ltd. Ms S. Anderson sent information.

94 The project is a partnership involving: Durham County Council’s Archaeology Section; the Department of Archaeology (including Archaeological Services), Durham University; the School of Archaeology, Department of Classics, Stanford University; and the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland. Dr D. Mason sent information.

95 By Archaeological Services Durham University. Dr D. Mason sent information.

96 See Britannia 40 (2009), 235.

97 Bishop, M.C. et al. , ‘Excavations in the Roman fort at Chester-le-Street (Concangis), Church Chare, 1990–91’, Arch Ael5 21 (1993), 29–86.Google Scholar

98 Dr D. Mason sent information.

99 Carried out by Archaeological Services Durham University, for The Friends of Longovicium. The project was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and Durham County Council. For previous work see Britannia 40 (2009), 236. Dr D. Mason sent information.

100 For previous accounts see Britannia 38 (2007), 264–5 (with plan); 39 (2008), 285; 40 (2009), 236. Dr D. Mason sent information.

101 For the recently published results of previous work see Cool, H. and Mason, D.J.P. (eds), Roman Piercebridge: Excavations by D W Harding and P Scott 1969–1981, Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland Research Report 7 (2008).Google Scholar

102 UBA 13141. Dr D. Mason sent information.

103 See Myres, J.N.L. Steer, K.A. and Chitty, A.M.H., Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 40 (1962), 1–77.Google Scholar

104 See C.S. Dobinson, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Roman Antiquities Section Bulletin 2, 7–8.

105 Directed by Ms R. Ferraby and Professor M. Millett. Ms Ferraby sent information.

106 Excavations by Archaeological Services Durham University for Jacobs Engineering Ltd on behalf of North Yorkshire County Council. Mr P. Carne sent information.

107 Excavations by Archaeological Services Durham University for Jacobs Engineering Ltd on behalf of North Yorkshire County Council. Mr P. Carne sent information.

108 Found by Messrs M. Taylor, S. Blackwell and J. Szuk while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref.: 2009 T12. R. Abdy sent information.

109 Found by Messrs R. Booth and D. Mulliner while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref.: 2009 T286. R. Abdy sent information.

110 Work on behalf of Moorside Developments by D. Evans for York Archaeological Trust. C. Kyriacou sent information.

111 Excavation on behalf of The Blossom Street Venture by I. Milsted for York Archaeological Trust. C. Kyriacou sent information.

112 Work for Rogers Homes, York by D. Evans for York Archaeological Trust. C. Kyriacou sent information.

113 See Britannia 36 (2005), 412–13 for previous work.

114 Work for Moorside Developments by I. Milsted for York Archaeological Trust. C. Kyriacou sent information.

115 See Britannia 40 (2009), 237.

116 Excavation directed by S. Roskams. Dr C. Neal sent information.

117 Found by Mrs M. Dandy while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref.: 2008 T622. R. Abdy sent information. In same area as BM Ref.: 2008 T672 and third hoard – BM Ref.: 2008 T723. R. Abdy sent information.

118 Found, with pottery, by Mrs M. Dandy while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref.: 2008 T672. In same area as BM Ref.: 2008 T622 and third hoard – BM Ref.: 2008 T723. R. Abdy sent information.

119 Found by Messrs D. Watson and D. Barwise while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref.: 2008 T705. R. Abdy sent information.

120 Found by Mr D. Crowe while searching with a metal-detector. R. Abdy sent information.

121 The ‘North Dalton Roman hoard’ BM Refs: 2006 T148 (15 coins); 2007 T185 (3 coins); 2008 T153 (1 coin). This find (BM Ref. 2009 T164) can be considered as a third addendum to this Roman hoard.

122 Abramson, P. et al. ., Roman Castleford Excavations 1974–85. Volume II. The Structural and Environmental Evidence (1999), 20.Google Scholar

123 Excavation undertaken by Field Archaeology Specialists Ltd on behalf of The James Taylor Dental Practice. Ms C. Spall sent information.

124 Excavation by Oxford Archaeology North on behalf of Mr L. Fenton. Information provided by J. Zant and sent by E. Mercer.

125 Found while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref.: 2009 T45. R. Abdy sent information.

126 Found by Mr M. Longfield while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref.: 2009 T612. Addendum to a known hoard: CHRB XI, 49. Total now stands at 17 silver denarii from the Republic to Tiberius. R. Abdy sent information.

127 Excavations by Field Archaeology Specialists Ltd on behalf of Lincolnshire County Council. Ms C. Spall sent information.

128 See JRS 39 (1949), 68, with fig. 9.

129 Evaluation by Lindsey Archaeological Services on behalf of the City of Lincoln Council. Dr M.J. Jones supplied information.

130 Excavations on behalf of Mr M. Browne, directed by C. Clay for Allen Archaeology Ltd. M. Allen sent information.

131 Excavations on behalf of Clive Adams Associates, directed by C. Clay for Allen Archaeology Ltd. M. Allen sent information.

132 Report by D. Field in English Heritage Report Series, no. AI/18/2005.

133 Survey by English Heritage’s Archaeological Investigations Team, led by Mark Bowden and David Field as part of the Urban Commons Project. Dr M.J. Jones sent information.

134 Excavation by Pre-Construct Archaeology (Lincoln), on behalf of Lindum Homes. Dr M.J. Jones sent information.

135 Work undertaken by Archaeological Project Services for CgMs Consulting. S. Malone sent information.

136 Excavation for NDC Group Ltd was directed by C. Palmer-Brown and J. Rylatt for Pre-Construct Archaeology. C. Palmer-Brown and Dr M.J. Jones sent information.

137 Work undertaken by Archaeological Project Services for Westleigh Homes. S. Malone sent information.

138 Excavation by C. Spence and Z. Tomlinson, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln. C. Spence sent information.

139 Found by Mr C. Alefounder while searching with metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T688. R. Abdy sent information.

140 Found by Messrs A. James, P. Wigginton and J. Radford while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T669. R. Abdy sent information.

141 Work for the Wirksworth Roman Project directed by A. Shone, who sent information.

142 As noted in Britannia 39 (2008), 293.

143 Palfreyman, A. and Ebbins, S., ‘A Romano-British quern-manufacturing site at Blackbrook’, Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 127 (2007), 34–7.Google Scholar

144 Lomas, J., ‘A Romano-British site at Alport Hill, Ashleyhay’, Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 81 (1961), 141–5.Google Scholar

145 Found by Messrs P. Bolam, T. Cooke, W. Dunn, P. Hill, M. Rhodes and J. Sears while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T185. R. Abdy sent information.

146 Found in 2008 by Messrs J. Lee, L. Wagstaff and K. Blackburn while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T88. R. Abdy sent information.

147 Found by Mr I. Botley, while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2007 T664. R. Abdy sent updated information.

148 Found by Mr R. Hamilton while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T193. R. Abdy sent information.

149 HRB VIII, p. 156.

150 Found by Mr F. Taylor while searching with a metal-detector. BM Refs 2006 T452 and 2008 T220. R. Abdy sent information.

151 Found by Mr T. Hayward while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T431. R. Abdy sent information.

152 Work on behalf of the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of Birmingham was directed by R. White, who sent information.

153 For earlier work, see Gaffney, V.L. and White, R.H., Wroxeter, The Cornovii, and the Urban Process. Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994–1997. Volume 1: Researching the Hinterland, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supp. Ser. 68 (2007)Google Scholar, 150–2, 163–6.

154 Willis in Gaffney and White, op. cit. (note 153), 174–5.

155 Found while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T392. Only two coins were recorded in detail. I. Leins sent information.

156 Found by Mr T. Sapwill while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T158. R. Abdy sent information.

157 Work by B. Gethin, Warwickshire Museum, for John Lewis Partnership and WCC Transport and Highways. N. Palmer sent information.

158 Work by I. Greig, Warwickshire Museum for Mr J. Kenyon. N. Palmer sent information.

159 Found by Mr M. Longfield while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T612. R. Abdy sent information. For the original find see S. Wear and J. Williams, CHRB XI, p. 49.

160 Work by S. Joyce and L. Coleman of Cotswold Archaeology for Hyder Consulting and Morrison Construction. N. Holbrook sent information.

161 Work by S.C. Palmer, Warwickshire Museum, for Mr N. Clough. N. Palmer sent information.

162 Work by S.C. Palmer, Warwickshire Museum, for Mr and Mrs D. Squires. N. Palmer sent information.

163 Work by S.C. Palmer, Warwickshire Museum, for Trudson (Honiley) Ltd. N. Palmer sent information.

164 Work by B. Gethin and P. Thompson, Warwickshire Museum on behalf of Mr M. Greenwood. N. Palmer sent information.

165 Work by G. Speed, University of Leicester Archaeological Services, for Tarmac Ltd. X.A185.2009. N. Cooper sent information.

166 Work by J. Harvey, University of Leicester Archaeological Services. X.A6.2006. N. Cooper sent information.

167 Work by G. Richards, University of Leicester Archaeological Services. OAKRM 2009.8. N. Cooper sent information.

168 Work by N. Finn, University of Leicester Archaeological Services. A11 2009. N. Cooper sent information.

169 Work by R. Kipling, University of Leicester Archaeological Services, for De Montfort University. N. Cooper sent information.

170 Work by T. Higgins, University of Leicester Archaeological Services. A7.2009. N. Cooper sent information.

171 Found by Mr A. Jones while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T748 (addenda to BM 2008 T197). R. Abdy sent information.

172 Work by G. Jones and J. Cooper, University of Leicester Archaeological Services for Cawrey Ltd. X.A138.2009. N. Cooper sent information.

173 Work by Mark Peachey of Archaeological Project Services. X.A92.2009. N. Cooper sent information.

174 Work by L. Hunt and G. Jones, University of Leicester Archaeological Services. X.A121.2008. N. Cooper sent information.

175 Work by Archaeological Project Services for Bela Developments. S. Malone sent information.

176 Work by Archaeological Project Services for Milton Estates. S. Malone sent information.

177 Work by T. Phillips of Oxford Archaeology East. E. Popescu sent information.

178 Work by A. Pickstone and R. Mortimer of Oxford Archaeology East for English Heritage. E. Popescu sent information.

179 Excavation by R. Atkins of Oxford Archaeology East. E. Popescu sent information.

180 Work by T. Fletcher of Oxford Archaeology East. E. Popescu sent information.

181 Work by R. Atkins of Oxford Archaeology East. E. Popescu sent information.

182 Evaluation by J. House of Oxford Archaeology East. E. Popescu sent information.

183 Work by M. Luke, B. Barber and R. Gregson of Albion Archaeology. M. Luke sent information.

184 For previous work see Britannia 38 (2007), 278.

185 As note above. See also Dawson, M., Archaeology of the Bedford Region, BAR British Ser. 373 (2004).Google Scholar

186 Work by L. Wood, Museum of London Archaeology, for Network Rail (BAL-HE-BRS09). V. Gardiner sent information.

187 Work by R. Lythe, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Barwood LaSalle Land Limited Partnership. T. Vitali sent information.

188 Work by L. Coleman and D. Cudlip of Cotswold Archaeology. N. Holbrook sent information.

189 Work by G. Williams, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

190 Work under the supervision of English Heritage’s Geophysical Survey Team in support of the Romans in the Hambleden Valley Project. M. Jecock sent information.

191 Cocks, A.H., ‘A Romano-British homestead in the Hambleden Valley, Bucks’, Archaeologia 71 (1921), 141–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

192 Work by D. Stansbie, Oxford Archaeology South, on behalf of CgMs consulting, acting for Cofton Ltd and Places for People. E. Biddulph sent information.

193 Work by J. Ford, Oxford Archaeology South, for Abingdon Museum. E. Biddulph sent information.

194 Work by D. Heale, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

195 Excavation directed by P. Booth for the Discovering Dorchester project, a collaboration between Oxford Archaeology South, Oxford University, Dorchester Museum and the people of Dorchester on Thames. E. Biddulph sent information.

196 Evaluation by B. Dean, Oxford Archaeology South, for GBS Consulting. E. Biddulph sent information.

197 Work by J. Moore, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

198 Work by J. Bennett of Cotswold Archaeology. N. Holbrook sent information.

199 Work by S. Hammond, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

200 Found by Mr M. Dover while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T295. R. Abdy sent information.

201 Work by Archaeological Project Services for Thomas Faire Architects. S. Malone sent information.

202 Found by Mr P. and Mrs S. Buckley while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2008 T640 (previous finds BM 2004 T463 and BM 2006 T149). R. Abdy sent information.

203 Found by Mr S. Brown while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T408. R. Abdy sent information.

204 Found by Mr C. Mann and Mr K. Peters while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2008 T707. R. Abdy sent information.

205 Work by J. Tabor, Cambridge Archaeological Unit for Orwell Housing Association. J. Plouviez sent information.

206 Work by J. Craven, Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service for Hartismere High School. J. Plouviez sent information.

207 Found while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T109. The coins were found in and around the area of a previous find (BM Ref. 2008 T325) and are consistent in date and type. They can therefore be considered as addenda to this hoard. I. Leins sent information.

208 Found by Mr A. Smith while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T584. R. Abdy sent information.

209 See Guest, P.S.W., The Late Roman Gold and Silver Coins from the Hoxne Treasure (2005)Google Scholar, and Britannia 40 (2009), 253Google Scholar.

210 See Britannia 40 (2009), 254 and Bales, E., A Roman Maltings at Beck Row, Mildenhall, Suffolk, East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper 20 (2004).Google Scholar Work by J. Craven, Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service for Persimmon Homes Anglia. J. Plouviez sent information.

211 Work by M. Brett of Cotswold Archaeology. J. Plouviez sent information.

212 Found by Messrs J. Hallis and N. Howard while searching with metal-detectors, with subsequent excavation by Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service. BM Ref. 2009 T243. R. Abdy sent information.

213 Found by Messrs A. Smith, R. Atfield and T. Marsh while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T622. R. Abdy sent information.

214 Found by Mr S. Silvy while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T496. R. Abdy sent information.

215 Britannia 40 (2009), 256.

216 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust, and R. Masefield of RPS (consultants) on behalf of Taylor Wimpey as part of the continuing Colchester Garrison redevelopment project. H. Brooks sent information.

217 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Ellisdale Builders. H. Brooks sent information.

218 Work by C. Lister for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Scott Properties. H. Brooks sent information.

219 Work by C. Lister for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Colchester and Ipswich Museums. H. Brooks sent information.

220 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Royal Mail Group. H. Brooks sent information.

221 Found in 2007 by Mr B. Smith while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T644. R. Abdy sent information.

222 Wickenden, N.P., Excavations at Great Dunmow, Essex, East Anglian Archaeology Report 41/Chelmsford Archaeological Trust Report Number 7 (1988).Google Scholar

223 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Gainsmead Ltd. H. Brooks sent information.

224 Work by A. Wightman for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Foxley Builders. H. Brooks sent information.

225 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Marden Homes. H. Brooks sent information.

226 Work by S. Lawrence of Oxford Archaeology South for Skanska and Balfour Beatty. E. Biddulph sent information.

227 Work by B Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust. H. Brooks sent information.

228 Work by S. Foreman of Oxford Archaeology South for DP World. E. Biddulph sent information.

229 Found by Messrs A. Angus, S. Stone, B. Purpura and M. Griffith while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T614. R. Abdy sent information.

230 Found by Mr J. Curzon while searching with a metal-detector. BM Refs 2009 T3 and 2009 T465. R. Abdy sent information. Uttlesford I = BM 2008 T655 (13+ copper-alloy nummi to a.d. 378).

231 Work by A. Wightman for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Foxley Builders. H. Brooks sent information. For the earlier site see Hodder, I., Wendens Ambo: The Excavation of Iron Age and Romano-British Settlement (1982).Google Scholar H. Brooks sent information.

232 Work by B. Holloway for Colchester Archaeological Trust on behalf of Clarity Ecoworks Ltd. H. Brooks sent information.

233 This and the original hoard (BM Ref. 2008 T412; Britannia 40 (2009), 256) were found by Mr J. Davey while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T60. R. Abdy sent information.

234 Work by A. Daykin, Museum of London Archaeology, for Corporation of London Department of Planning and Transportation (BDJ09). V. Gardiner sent information.

235 Work by J. Taylor, Museum of London Archaeology, for Hines UK (CNV08). V. Gardiner sent information.

236 Britannia 40 (2009), 257–8.

237 Work by K. Pitt, Museum of London Archaeology, for The Pinnacle No. 1 Ltd (CYQ05). V. Gardiner sent information.

238 Work by G. Stevenson and R. Wroe-Brown, Museum of London Archaeology, for Land Securities (FEU08). V. Gardiner sent information.

239 Work by A. Daykin and P. Thrale, Museum of London Archaeology, for Corporation of London (GRJ09). V. Gardiner sent information.

240 Work by T. Mackinder, D. Sankey and A. Lerz, Museum of London Archaeology, for City Offices LLP (NSD06). V. Gardiner sent information.

241 Work by R. Humphrey, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Jones Lang LaSalle on behalf of GE Real Estate. T. Vitali sent information.

242 Work by J. Taylor, J. Langthorne and P. Jorgensen, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Lovat Lane Ltd. T. Vitali sent information.

243 Work by A. Daykin, Museum of London Archaeology, for Corporation of London Department of Planning and Transportation (QUO09). V. Gardiner sent information.

244 Work by T. Mackinder, Museum of London Archaeology, for NM Rothschild & Sons (SII07). V. Gardiner sent information.

245 Found during excavation by the Department for Urban Archaeology in 1994 and recorded in 2009 at the London Archaeological Archive and Research Centre by James Gerrard. R. Abdy sent information.

246 Work by Bruce Ferguson, Museum of London Archaeology, for Grehan Contractors Ltd (JNW09). V. Gardiner sent information.

247 Work by J. Payne, R. Humphrey and N. Hawkins, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Retail Design Ltd. T. Vitali sent information.

248 Work by J. Taylor, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Green Acre Homes SE. T. Vitali sent information.

249 Work by P. Cardiff, Museum of London Archaeology, for EDF Energy (RCM09). V. Gardiner sent information.

250 Work by H. Lewis, Museum of London Archaeology, for Transport for London (HLW06). V. Gardiner sent information.

251 Work by I. Grosso, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Pilgrim Trustee Services Ltd. T. Vitali sent information.

252 Work by R. Bull and K. Pitt, Museum of London Archaeology, for Family Mosaic (NEU09). V. Gardiner sent information.

253 Work by A. Fairman, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Inspace Partnerships. T. Vitali sent information.

254 Work by A. Daykin, Museum of London Archaeology, for Lambeth Borough Council (MSF09). V. Gardiner sent information.

255 Davis, B., ‘The Roman road from West Wickham to London’, Surrey Archaeological Collections 43 (1935), 61–83.Google Scholar

256 Work by B. Ferguson, Museum of London Archaeology, for Loates-Taylor Shannon on behalf of King’s College London (HKP08). V. Gardiner sent information.

257 Watching-brief and excavation by R. Cowie, Museum of London Archaeology, for Skanska GrantRail (AYF08). V. Gardiner sent information.

258 Work by Tony Mackinder, Museum of London Archaeology, for New London Bridge House Ltd (LBN08). V. Gardiner sent information.

259 Work by A. Daykin, Museum of London Archaeology, for Faithful & Gould/W S Atkins Group (JFN08). V. Gardiner sent information.

260 Work by A. Daykin, Museum of London Archaeology, for the Board of Trustees of the Tate Modern (TMB09). V. Gardiner sent information.

261 Work by S. Holden, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Acorn Property Group. T. Vitali sent information.

262 Work by I. Grosso, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Mr Sunil Varma. T. Vitali sent information.

263 Work by I. Grosso, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Igloo Regeneration (GP) Ltd. T. Vitali sent information.

264 Work by D. Killock, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for London Realty Limited. T. Vitali sent information.

265 Work by D. Saxby, Museum of London Archaeology, for Network Rail (BVT09). V. Gardiner sent information.

266 Work by P. Askew and I. Howell, Museum of London Archaeology, for Network Rail (BVQ09). V. Gardiner sent information.

267 Work by M. Ruddy, Museum of London Archaeology, for Network Rail (THB09). V. Gardiner sent information.

268 Work by I. Bright, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Higgins Homes. T. Vitali sent information.

269 Work by S. Maher, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for the Diocese of Brentford. T. Vitali sent information.

270 Work by R. Taylor and L. Fowler, Museum of London Archaeology, for Longmartin Properties (USM06). V. Gardiner sent information.

271 Work by D. Cudlip of Cotswold Archaeology. N. Holbrook sent information.

272 Work by K. Welsh of Oxford Archaeology South for CgMs Consulting. E. Biddulph sent information.

273 Work by S. Hammond and D. Gilbert, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

274 Found by Mr P. Burton while searching with metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T116. R. Abdy sent information.

275 Excavation by the South Cadbury Environs Project/Birmingham University. R. Abdy sent information.

276 Hayward, L., ‘The Roman villa at Lufton, near Yeovil’, Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 97 (1952), 91–112Google Scholar; Hayward, L., ‘The Roman villa at Lufton, near Yeovil’, Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 116 (1972), 59–77.Google Scholar

277 Work directed by J. Gerrard for Yeovil Archaeological and Local History Society. Geophysical survey report lodged with the Somerset HER No. 26101. J. Gerrard sent information.

278 Work by D. Gilbert, John Moore Heritage Services. D. Gilbert sent information.

279 Found by Mr W. Churcher while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T11. R. Abdy sent information.

280 Found by Mr J. Hill while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2008 T168. R. Abdy sent information.

281 Found by Mr M. Thomas while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T558. R. Abdy sent information.

282 Found by Mr N. Barrett while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T233. R. Abdy sent information.

283 Found by Mr G. Bulley while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2008 T594. R. Abdy sent information.

284 Work by P. Murray of Oxford Archaeology South for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Blue Living Ltd. E. Biddulph sent information.

285 Found by Mr R. Fly while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T600. R. Abdy sent information.

286 Britannia 34 (2003), 351–2. Work for the University of Reading directed by M. Fulford and A. Clarke. M. Fulford sent information.

287 Fulford, M. Clarke, A. and Eckardt, H., Life and Labour in Late Roman Silchester. Excavations in Insula IX since 1997, Britannia Monograph 22 (2006)Google Scholar; Fulford, M. and Clarke, A., Silchester: The City in Transition: The Mid-Roman Occupation of Insula IX, c. AD 125–250/300. A Report on Excavations undertaken since 1997, Britannia Monograph 25 (2010).Google Scholar

288 Partly published in Clarke, A. et al. . Internet Archaeology 21/4 (2007).Google Scholar

289 Fulford, M. and Timby, J., Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the Site of the Forum Basilica 1977, 1980–1986, Britannia Monograph 15 (2000)Google Scholar, 8–37, figs 5–7.

290 Fulford, M., ‘Nero and Britain: the palace of the client king at Calleva and imperial policy towards the province after Boudicca’, Britannia 39 (2008), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

291 Work by English Heritage’s Geophysical Survey Team (EH Res Dept Rep Ser 104-2009). M. Jecock sent information.

292 Found by Mr J. Jerram and the Isle of Wight Metal Detecting Club while searching with metal-detectors. BM Ref. 2009 T366. R. Abdy sent information.

293 Found by members of the Isle of Wight Metal Detecting Club. BM Ref. 2009 T329 (addenda). R. Abdy sent information.

294 Found by Mr K. Mordle while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T407. R. Abdy sent information.

295 Found while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T451. I. Leins sent information.

296 Work by G. Rapson, Museum of London Archaeology, for EDF Energy (ES-FDH08). V. Gardiner sent information.

297 Work by G. Rapson, Museum of London Archaeology, for EDF Energy (ES-BKW09). V. Gardiner sent information.

298 Work for the Roman Studies Group of the Surrey Archaeological Society directed by D. Bird, who sent information.

299 Darwin had close personal links with the site owner. When, in 1877, trenches were opened to pursue the discovery of part of a Roman building found by chance the previous year, he visited and had a trench dug so that he could examine earthworm activity, and published a (schematic) section. Anon, See, ‘Recent discovery of the remains of a Roman villa at Abinger, Surrey’, The Builder 36 (1878), 19–20Google Scholar; Darwin, C., The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits (1888)Google Scholar, 180–94, with section on 182; Evans, C., ‘Small agencies and great consequences: Darwin’s archaeology’, Antiquity 83 (320) (June 2009), 475–88Google Scholar, especially 480.

300 Work for the Roman Studies Group of the Surrey Archaeological Society directed by D. Bird, who sent information. For previous work see Britannia 38 (2007), 299; 39 (2008), 331–2; 40 (2009), 275–6.

301 Final plan in Lowther, A.W.G., ‘Excavations at Ashtead, Surrey. Third report (1929)’, Surrey Archaeological Collections 38.2 (1930)Google Scholar, plan opposite p. 148.

302 See Cooper, T.S., Gower, J.L. and Gower, M., ‘The Roman villa at Whitebeech, Chiddingfold: excavations in 1888 and subsequently’, Surrey Archaeological Collections 75 (1984), 57–83.Google Scholar

303 Work for Roman Studies Group of Surrey Archaeological Society by D. and A. Graham, who sent information.

304 Bird, D.G., ‘Chiddingfold Roman villa: a suggested reinterpretation’, Surrey Archaeological Collections 89 (2002), 245–8.Google Scholar

305 Work by S. Holden, Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, for Ewell Castle School. T. Vitali sent information.

306 Work by J. Holman, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for Canterbury City Council. J. Elder sent information.

307 Work by S. Pratt, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, north-west of the river for Biddle and Biddle on behalf of Bellway Homes and south-east of the river funding by Hotel du Vin and Cloudy Bay. S. Pratt sent information.

308 Work by A. Gollop, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for Abbott Construction Limited in advance of construction of retail and residential properties. J. Elder sent information.

309 Jenkins, F., ‘Archaeological notebook, Canterbury, 1949–51’, Archaeologia Cantiana 64 (1951), 71–2.Google Scholar

310 Work by D. Robertson, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for Fusion Etc Ltd. J. Elder sent information.

311 P. Bennett, ‘Linden Grove’, Canterbury’s Archaeology 1987–1988, 6.

312 Britannia 40 (2009), 277.

313 Work by D. Robertson, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for Mr A. Murray. J. Elder sent information.

314 Found by Mr D. Young while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T307. R. Abdy sent information.

315 Found by Mr D. Villanueva and Mrs C. Smith in September 2008 to May 2009 while searching with metal detectors, working in association with Kent Archaeological Projects carrying out a survey of the site in advance of pipeline construction. BM Ref. 2008 T610. R. Abdy sent information.

316 Work by K. Parfitt and B. Corke, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for BSF Consultants and Kent County Council. K. Parfitt sent information.

317 Philp, B.J., The Excavation of the Roman Forts of the Classis Britannica at Dover, 1970–1977 (1981).Google Scholar

318 K. Parfitt and M. Bates, ‘Dover Market Square boreholes: archaeological and palaeoenvironmental assessment report’, unpub. Canterbury Archaeological Trust archive report no. 2009/15.

319 Britannia 39 (2008), 335; 40 (2009), 278.

320 Work by Maidstone Area Archaeology Group directed by A. Daniels, who sent information.

321 Britannia 40 (2009), 278.

322 Work by members of the Dover Archaeological Group. K. Parfitt sent information.

323 Winbolt, S.E., Roman Folkestone (1925).Google Scholar

324 Work by K. Parfitt and B. Corke, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for Mr N. Tyler. K. Parfitt sent information.

325 Keller, P., ‘Quern production at Folkestone, South-East Kent: an interim note’, Britannia 20 (1989), 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

326 Keller, P., ‘Rescue excavations at Folkestone from 1973’, Kent Archaeological Review 69 (1982), 207–14Google Scholar; Holman, D., ‘Iron Age Coinage and Settlement in East Kent’, Britannia 36 (2005), 1–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

327 Work by R. Helm, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, for EDF Energy. Information from R. Helm.

328 Work by T. Wilmott of English Heritage’s Archaeological Projects Team. M. Jecock sent information.

329 Britannia 40 (2009), 279.

330 Found during excavation by Archaeology South East. BM Ref. 2009 T94. R. Abdy sent information.

331 Found by Mr N. Moon while searching with a metal-detector. BM Ref. 2009 T182. The earlier finds are BM 2003 T7, 2005 T18, 2006 T564 and 2007 T624. I. Leins sent information.