Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T20:21:32.616Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gold for the Barbarians? Uniface Gold Medallions of the House of Constantine Found in Britain and Ireland*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2012

Roger Bland*
Affiliation:
The British [email protected]

Abstract

The paper discusses a hitherto neglected group of five uniface gold medallions in the names of Constantine I and II, issued between c.a.d. 318 and 337, found in Britain and Ireland. These have been found either beyond the frontier (three examples are from Ireland and one from Scotland) or close to it (one example is from Cumbria). It is suggested that they may have been produced as diplomatic gifts for peoples beyond the frontier or as payment for laeti.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2012. Published by The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This paper has been greatly improved as a result of the comments received from friends and colleagues on an earlier draft: Richard Abdy, Edward Besly, Andrew Burnett, Aleksander Bursche, Jean-Marc Doyen, Georges Depeyrot, Robert Janiszewski, Sam Moorhead and Richard Reece. I am very grateful to all of them and also to the anonymous referees. My thanks also to Nick Holmes and Eamonn Kelly for their help with illustrations.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alföldi, M.R.- 1963: Die constantinische Goldprägung: Untersuchungen zu ihrer Bedeutung für Kaiserpolitik und Hofkunst, Mainz Google Scholar
Alföldi, M.R.- 1978: Antike Numismatik (2 vols), Mainz Google Scholar
Aubin, G. 1984: Corpus des trésors monétaires antiques de la France, III. Pays de la Loire, Paris Google Scholar
Balling, J. 1962: ‘De Romerske møntfund fra Jylland’, Nordisk Numismatisk Årsskrift 1962, 578 Google Scholar
Bateson, J.D. 1973: ‘Roman material from Ireland: a re-consideration’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 73.C, 2197 Google Scholar
Bland, R.F., and Loriot, X. 2010: Roman and Early Byzantine Gold Coins Found in Britain and Ireland, Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication 46, London Google Scholar
Bozhkova, B., and Liloca, B. 1994: ‘One-sided gold medallion of Constantine I’, in Studies on Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium “Cabyle”, Jambol, 367–70Google Scholar
Bursche, A. 1998: Złote medaliony rzymskie w Barbaricum, Warszawa Google Scholar
Bursche, A. 2000: ‘Roman gold medallions in Barbaricum’, in Kluge, B. and Weisser, B. (eds), XII. Internationaler Numismatischer Kongress 1997, Akten, Vol. II, Berlin, 758–71Google Scholar
Callu, J.-P. 1991: ‘La perforation de l'or romain’, in Noeske, H.-C. and Schubert, H. (eds), Die Münze. Bild – Botschaft – Bedeutung. Festschrift für Maria R.-Alföldi, Frankfurt, 99121 Google Scholar
Callu, J.-P., and Loriot, X. 1990: L'Or monnayé II. La dispersion des aurei en Gaule romaine sous l'empire, Cahiers Ernest-Babelon 3, Juan-les-PinsGoogle Scholar
Cameron, A. 2005: ‘The reign of Constantine, A.D. 306–337’, Cambridge Ancient History 12 (2nd edn), 90109 Google Scholar
Carson, R.A.G., and O'Kelly, C. 1977: ‘A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 77.C, 3555 Google Scholar
Casey, P.J. 1978: ‘Constantine the Great in Britain – the evidence of the coinage of the London mint, AD 312–314’, in Bird, J., Chapman, H. and Clark, J. (eds), Collectanea Londiniensia. Studies in London Archaeology and History Presented to Ralph Merrifield, London, 180–93Google Scholar
Cohen, H. (continued by Feuardent, G.L.) 1888: Description historique des monnaies frappés sous l'empire romain (2nd edn), Paris Google Scholar
Depeyrot, G. 1996: ‘Les médaillons d'or unifaces du quatrième siècle (318–340)’, in Hackens, T. (ed.), Italiam fato profugi hesperinaque venerunt litora. Numismatic Studies dedicated to Vladimir and Elvira Eliza Clain-Stefanelli, Numismatica Lovaniensia 12, Louvain-la-Neuve, 163–70Google Scholar
Doyen, J.-M. 2007: Économie, monnaie et société à Reims sous l'Empire romain. Recherches sur la circulation monétaire en Gaule septentrionale intérieure, Bulletin de la Société Archéologique Champenoise 100, nos 2 and 4, Reims Google Scholar
Fagerlie, J.M. 1967: Late Roman and Byzantine Solidi Found in Sweden and Denmark, Numismatic Notes and Monographs 157, American Numismatic Society, New York Google Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1987: Britannia. A History of Roman Britain (3rd edn), London Google Scholar
Gnecchi, F. 1912: I medaglioni romani (3 vols), Milan Google Scholar
Gordon, A. 1727: Itinerarium Septentrionale, London Google Scholar
Haverfield, F. 1899: ‘Appendix’, in Glasgow Archaeological Society, The Antonine Wall Report, Glasgow, 154–68Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. 2006: Late Roman Precious Metal Deposits c. A.D. 200–700, BAR International Series S1504, Oxford Google Scholar
Holmes, N.M.McQ. 2004: ‘A uniface gold medallion of Constantine II’, Numismatic Chronicle 164, 233–5Google Scholar
Horsley, J. 1732: Britannia Romana, London Google Scholar
Jones, A.H.M. 1964: The Later Roman Empire, Oxford Google Scholar
Laser, R. 1982: Die römischen und frühbyzantinischen Fundmünzen auf dem Gebiet der DDR (2nd edn), Berlin Google Scholar
Lelewel, J. 1842: ‘Anciennes plaques, décoratoires, sépulcrales, de distinction, et marques honorifiques’, Revue Belge de Numismatique 1, 94103 Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1917–18: ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 52, 203–76Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1938–39: ‘Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica II. 6 Birrens reconsidered’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 73, 241–72Google Scholar
Mattingly, D. 2006: An Imperial Possession. Britain in the Roman Empire, London Google Scholar
Münsterberg, R. 1923: ‘Einseitige Goldmünzen Constantins under seiner Söhne’, Numismatische Zeitschrift 56, 25–8Google Scholar
Mytum, H. 1992: The Origins of Early Christian Ireland, London Google Scholar
O'Kelly, M.J. 1982: Newgrange. Archaeology Art and Legend, London Google Scholar
Raftery, B. 1997: Pagan Celtic Ireland: the Enigma of the Irish Iron Age, London Google Scholar
Rance, P. 2001: ‘Attacotti, Déisi and Magnus Maximus: the case for Irish federates in Late Roman Britain’, Britannia 32, 243–70Google Scholar
RIC : Mattingly, H. Sydenham, E.A. et al. , Roman Imperial Coinage, Vols I–X (1923– ), London Google Scholar
Richardson, C. 1999: ‘A catalogue of recent acquisitions to Tullie House Museum and reported finds from the Cumbrian area 1990–1996, part II’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmoreland Archaeological and Antiquarian Society new ser . 99, 151 Google Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 1975: Birrens (Blatobulgium), Edinburgh Google Scholar
Sabatier, J. 1863: ‘Monnaies d'or sans type de revers’, Revue Numismatique 2 8, 1115 Google Scholar
Salway, P. 1981: Roman Britain, Oxford Google Scholar
Shotter, D. 2000: Roman Coins from North-West England. Second Supplement, Lancaster Google Scholar
Todd, M. 1981: Roman Britain, 55 B.C.–A.D. 410, London Google Scholar
von Sallet, A. 1885: ‘Die Erwerbungen des Königlichen Münzkabinets vom 1 April 1884 bis 1 April 1885’, Zeitschrift für Numismatik 14, 7881 Google Scholar
Wilde, W.R. 1862: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Gold in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin Google Scholar