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A figure of Jet from Westmorland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Julian Munby
Julian Munby
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, London University
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Britannia , Volume 6 , November 1975 , pp. 216 - 218
Copyright
Copyright © Julian Munby 1975. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 I am most grateful to Dr M. Henig who first drew my attention to this piece. It has now been restored to its owners, Mr and Mrs O. R. Bagot at Levens Hall, who have kindly allowed me to publish it.

2 An earthwork in the Park, known as Kirkstead, was ‘said to have been anciently a temple dedicated to Diana’ (Camden, Britannia ed. E. Gibson (1695), p. 810). Limited excavation has suggested a Roman or sub-Roman date; cf. D. Sturdy, ‘The Temple of Diana and the Devil's Quoits etc., in D. E. Strong (ed.), Archaeological Theory and Practice (Essays to W. F. Grimes) (1973), 27 ff. and fig. 3, p. 32.

3 As Carson, Hill and Kent, Late Roman Bronze Coinage (1960), No. 198. Now also at Levens Hall.

4 E.g. in terracotta, Musée Nationale du Louvre, Catalogue … Figurines et Reliefs iii (1971), pl. 32, No. D144, 145; and personifications of defeated provinces on coins, e.g. Britannia, RIC Antoninus Pius 930 (A.D. 154).Google Scholar

5 See Lehmann's discussion of the subject matter of the Hall of Aphrodite at Boscoreale in Roman Wall-paintings from Boscoreale in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cambridge, Mass. (1933), 32, 52–3, fig. 27.

6 Macrobius, Saturnaliorum Lib. 1 Cap. xxi.

7 E.g. Venus mourning over Adonis on black-gloss ware in J. C. Toynbee, Art in Britain under the Romans (1964), 393 pl. LXXXVIIIa; and seated bronze figurine of mourning Ceres from Thames in R. E. M. Wheeler, London in Roman Times (1930), 46 pl. xix 4.

8 A. Ross, Pagan Celtic Britain (1967), 207ff.

9 A relief from Corstopitum in Ross op. cit. (note 8), fig. 41, also Arch. Ael.3 viii, 202, fig. 18; from Bath, Ross, op. cit., 159–60, 213, pl. xix 4, and B. Cunliffe, Roman Bath (1969), 194, pl. Lvia; from Gloucester, Toynbee, op. cit. (note 7), 157, pl. XLb.

10 Ross, op. cit. (note 8), 214.

11 See Professor Toynbee's general account, op. cit. (note 7), 363–8.