Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:48:47.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Rotary Querns from the Society of Antiquaries' Excavations at Silchester, 1890–1909

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Ruth Shaffrey
Affiliation:
Oxford Archaeology, [email protected]

Extract

The 79 rotary querns described here are part of the Silchester Collection housed in Reading Museum. These were retained during excavations at the Roman town carried out between 1890 and 1909 and published annually in Archaeologia by the Society of Antiquaries. Although eleven items are marked with what are thought to be the original markings of the excavators indicating the insula from which they came, most are unmarked. It is assumed that the unmarked querns in the store are from Silchester primarily because the Silchester Collection has always been stored separately from the rest of the archaeological collection in Reading Museum. Some of the querns from Silchester may be from the Joyce excavations in the town but material from other excavations, including those by Boon, Cotton, and Richmond, was boxed separately. The finds numbers used here are those allocated by the museum and where a finds number is referred to in the text, this should be prefixed with the museum code 1995.90. The 79 querns comprise 34 upper stones, 42 lower stones, and 3 unknowns.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 34 , November 2003 , pp. 143 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © Ruth Shaffrey 2003. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, J.R.L., and Fulford, M.G. 1997: ‘Objects of stone’, in M.G. Fulford, S. Rippon, S. Ford, J. Timby and B. Williams, ‘Silchester: excavations on the North Gate, on the north walls, and in the northern suburbs 1999 and 1991–1993’, Britannia 28, 87168Google Scholar
Birley, R. 2002: ‘Vindolanda’, Current Archaeology 178, 436–45Google Scholar
Boon, G.C. 1960: ‘Hoards of Roman coins found at Silchester’, The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 20, 241–52Google Scholar
Boon, G.C. 1969: ‘Belgie and Roman Silchester: the excavations of 1954–8 with an excursus on the early history of Calleva’, Archaeologia 102, 183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, R. 2000: An Archaeology of Natural Places, LondonGoogle Scholar
Buckley, D. 2001: ‘Querns and millstones’, in Anderson, A.S., Wacher, J.S. and Fitzpatrick, A.P., The Romano-British ‘Small Town’ at Wanborough, Wiltshire, Britannia Mongraph 19, London, 156–60Google Scholar
Burnham, B.C. 2001: ‘Roman Britain in 2000: northern counties’, Britannia 32, 336–50Google Scholar
Castella, D. 1994: ‘Le moulin hydraulique gallo-romain d'Avenches “En Chaplix“, Lausanne’, Cahiers d'archéologie romande 62Google Scholar
Clarke, S. 2000: ‘In search of a different Roman period: the finds assemblage at the Newstead military complex’, in Fincham, G., Harrison, G., Holland, R. and Reveil, L. (eds), TRAC 99 Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Oxford, 22–9Google Scholar
Collis, J. 1983: ‘Excavations at Silchester, Hampshire, 1968’, Proceedings Hampshire Field Club Archaeological Society 39, 5768Google Scholar
Cotton, M.A. 1947: ‘Excavations at Silchester 1938–9’, Archaeologia 92, 121–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotton, M.A. 1957: ‘Weycock Hill 1953’, Berkshire Archaeological Journal 55, 4869Google Scholar
Cowell, R.W., Fulford, M.G., and Lobb, S. 1978: ‘Excavation of Prehistoric and Roman settlement at Aldermaston Wharf 1976–77’, Berkshire Archaeological Journal 69, 137Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S., and Röder, J. 1955: ‘The quern-quarries of Mayen in the Eifel’, Antiquity 29, 6877Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B.W., and Fulford, M.G. 1982: Corpus Signor?m Imperii Romani (Corpus of Sculpture in the Roman World): Great Britain. Vol. 1, Fase. 2: Bath and the Rest of Wessex, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Curwen, E.C. 1937: ‘Querns’. Antiquity 11, 133–51Google Scholar
Eckardt, H. 2002: ‘The Roman material’, in M. Fulford and A. Clarke, ‘Victorian excavation methodology: the Society of Antiquaries at Silchester in 1893’, Antiquaries Journal 82, 297300Google Scholar
Fox, G.E. 1892: ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1891’, Archaeologia 54, 263–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, G.E. 1895: ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1894’. Archaeologia 54, 439–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1976: ‘The Silchester church: the excavation by Sir Ian Richmond in 1961’, Archaeologia 105, 277303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M.G. 1984: Silchester: Excavations on the Defences 1974–80, Britannia Monograph 5, LondonGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M.G. 1989: The Silchester Amphitheatre. Excavations of 1979–1985, Britannia Monograph 10. LondonGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M. 2001: ‘Links with the past: pervasive “ritual” behaviour in Roman Britain’, Britannia 32, 199218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M.G., and Allen, J.R.L. 1992: ‘Iron making at the Chesters Villa, Woolaston’, Britannia 23, 159217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M., and Clarke, A. 2002: ‘Victorian excavation methodology: the Society of Antiquaries at Silchester in 1893’, Antiquaries Journal 82, 285306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M.G., and Timby, J. 2000: Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the Site of the Forum-Basilica 1977, 1980–86, Britannia Monograph 15, LondonGoogle Scholar
Fulford, M.G., S., Rippon, S., Ford, J., Timby, and B., Williams 1997: ‘Silchester: excavations on the North Gate, on the north walls, and in the northern suburbs 1999 and 1991–1993’, Britannia 28, 87168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J.D. 1995: Ritual and Rubbish in the Iron Age of Wessex: a Study of the Formation of a Specific Archaeological Record, BAR British Series 242, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Hope, W.H. St John 1903: ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1902’, Archaeologia 58, 413–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, W.H. St John, and Fox, G.E. 1898: ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1897’, Archaeologia 56, 103–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, W.H. St John, and Fox, G.E. 1899: ‘Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1898’, Archaeologia 56, 229–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingle, C. 1994: ‘The quernstones from Hunsbury hillfort, Northamptonshire’, Northamptonshire Archaeology 25, 2135Google Scholar
Jennings, D. 1992: ‘Small finds’, in Moore, J. and Jennings, D., Reading Business Park: a Bronze Age Landscape, Thames Valley Landscapes: The Kennet Valley 1, 93–7Google Scholar
Johnston, J. 1985: ‘Excavations at Pingewood’, Berkshire Archaeological Journal 72, 1753Google Scholar
Lawson, A.J. 1976: ‘Shale and jet objects from Silchester’, Antiquaries Journal 105, 241–76Google Scholar
Lobb, S., Mees, G., and Mepham, L. 1990: ‘Meales Farm, Sulhampstead. Archaeological investigation of Romano-British and medieval features, 1985–87’, Berkshire Archaeological Journal 73 (1986–90), 5565Google Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1974: ‘Excavation on Late Iron Age, Roman and Saxon sites at Ufton Nervet, Berkshire, in 1961–63’, Berkshire Archaeological Journal 67, 162Google Scholar
May, T. 1916: The Pottery Found at Silchester, ReadingGoogle Scholar
Needham, S. 1991: Excavation and Salvage at Runnymede Bridge, 1978, LondonGoogle Scholar
Needham, S., and Spence, T. 1996: Refuse and Disposal at Area 16 East Runnymede, Runnymede Bridge Research Excavations 2, LondonGoogle Scholar
Peacock, D.P.S. 1987: ‘Iron Age and Roman quern production at Lodsworth, West Sussex’, Antiquaries Journal 67, Part I, 6187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, C. 1995: ‘Pits and propitiation’, in Cunliffe, B., Danebury. An Iron Age Hillfort in Hampshire, Vol. 6. A Hillfort Community in Perspective, CBA Research Report 102, London, 249–76Google Scholar
Roe, F. 2002: ‘Worked stone’, in Booth, P., Evans, J. and Hiller, J., Excavations in the Extramural Settlement of Roman Alchester, Oxfordshire, 1991, OA Monograph 1, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Roe, F. in prep.: ‘Objects of worked stone’, in Brossler, A. and Early, R., Green Park (Reading Business Park): Phase 2 Excavations, Thames Valley Monograph, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Saunders, R.L. 1998: The Use of Old Red Sandstone in Roman Britain. A Petrographical and Archaeological Study, University of Reading PhD thesisGoogle Scholar
Seager Thomas, M. 1999: ‘Stone finds in context. A contribution to the study of later Prehistoric artefact assemblages’, Sussex Archaeological Collections 137, 3948Google Scholar
Shaffrey, R. 2002: ‘The stone finds’, in M. Fulford and A. Clarke, ‘Victorian excavation methodology: the Society of Antiquaries at Silchester in 1893’, Antiquaries Journal 82, 299Google Scholar
Shaffrey, R. in prep.: ‘Worked stone’ in Brossler, A. and Early, R., Green Park (Reading Business Park): Phase 3 Excavations 1998–2000, Neolithic and Bronze Age Sites, Thames Valley Monograph, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Spain, R.J. 1984: ‘Millstones from Barton Court Farm’, in Miles, D. (ed.), Archaeology at Barton Court Farm, Oxon, CBA Research Report 50, M5, A13-B6Google Scholar
Spain, R.J. 1996: ‘The millstones’, in Mackreth, D.F., Orton Hall Farm: A Roman and Early Anglo-Saxon Farmstead, East Anglian Archaeology Report 76, 105–13Google Scholar
Timby, J. 1986: ‘The objects of stone’, in Millett, M. and Graham, D., Excavations on the Romano-British Small Town at Neatham, Hampshire 1969–1979, Hampshire Field Club Monograph 3, 132–8Google Scholar
Watts, M. 2002: The Archaeology of Mills and Milling, StroudGoogle Scholar
Welch, F.B.A., and F.M., Trotter 1961: Geology of the Country around Monmouth and Chepstow. Explanation of Sheets 233 and 250, HMSO, LondonGoogle Scholar
Welfare, A. 1995: ‘The milling stones’, in Manning, W.H. (ed.), The Roman Small Finds. Report on the Excavation at Usk 1965–76, Cardiff, 214–38Google Scholar
Wooders, J. 2000: ‘The stone artefacts’, in Fulford, M. and Timby, J., Late Iron Age and Roman Silchester. Excavations on the Site of the Forum-Basilica 1977, 1980–86, Britannia Monograph 15, 382–91Google Scholar