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Apathy After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview of the Current State of Play

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

Amanda T. Lane-Brown*
Affiliation:
Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Royal Rehabilitation Centre Sydney, Australia. [email protected]
Robyn L. Tate
Affiliation:
Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Royal Rehabilitation Centre Sydney, Australia.
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr Amanda Lane-Brown, Rehabilitation Studies Unit, c/– Royal Rehabilitation Centre Sydney, PO Box 6, Ryde NSW 1680, Australia.
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Abstract

Apathy is a decrease in behavioural, cognitive and emotional components of goal-directed behaviour. Clinically, it is characterised by diminished initiation, reduced concern, and decreased activity. Apathy is a common occurrence following traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in around 60% of people. Consequences are widespread, negatively impacting independence, social integration, rehabilitation outcome, vocational outcome, coping and caregiver burden. The current knowledge base on apathy following TBI is presented, with implications for clinical practice. This includes a review of clinical presentations, neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates associated with apathy, and differential diagnoses. Instruments to measure apathy are presented, highlighting those with demonstrated reliability and validity for the TBI population. Current evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment is described, with a model for non-pharmacological interventions provided and discussion of challenges faced by clinicians when treating the patient with apathy. In the TBI arena, greater understanding of apathy and methods of treatment is pivotal given the frequency of occurrence and widespread negative consequences.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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